ArticleThe journal of nutrition, health & aging2017
Vitamin D Status and Prevalent Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration in African Americans and Caucasians: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
Article in The journal of nutrition, health & aging, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Plasma Vitamin D and Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Insights from the Longitudinal ALIENOR Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Serum Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, and Phosphorus Levels and Risk of Fracture in the Community.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- GATA2‑miR‑374a axis promotes vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation, migration via targeting circTADA2A/RORA axis.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Article
- Vitamin D, the Vitamin D Receptor, Calcitriol Analogues and Their Link with Ocular Diseases.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Biofluid Markers in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Review
- Article
- Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Incidence of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2019Article
- Association between serum vitamin D deficiency and age-related macular degeneration in Koreans: Clinical case-control pilot study.Medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesVitamin D status has been hypothesized to protect against development of early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) via its anti-inflammatory properties and its possible beneficial influence on blood pressure control. We investigated the association between vitamin D status and prevalent early AMD in a community-based cohort.
designThis was a cross-sectional study.
settingThis was a secondary data analysis of already existing data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) cohort collected from 1990 to 1995.
participantsThere were 9,734 (7,779 Caucasians, 1,955 African American) ARIC participants (aged 46 to 70 at visit 2 [1990-1992]) with 25(OH)D data available at visit 2, AMD assessment at visit 3 (1993-1995), and complete covariate data. MEASUREMENTS: Vitamin D status was assessed with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations from bloods drawn at visit 2. Prevalent, early AMD (n=511) was assessed at visit 3 (1993-95) with nonmydriatic retinal photographs of one randomly chosen eye. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for early AMD by categories of 25(OH)D in nmol/L (deficient <30, inadequate 30-<50, and two categories of adequate status: 50-<75 and ≥75). Linear trend was estimated using continuous 25(OH)D concentrations. ORs were adjusted for age, race, and smoking status. We further adjusted for hypertension status to examine if vitamin D status influenced early AMD via its effects on blood pressure. Exploratory analyses of effect modification by age, sex, race and high risk genotypes [Y402H complement factor H (CFH) rs1061170 and the A69S age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) rs10490924 polymorphisms] were conducted.
resultsThe prevalence of early AMD was 5%, and 5% of participants were vitamin D deficient. The adjusted OR (95% CIs) for early AMD among those with adequate (≥75 nmol/L) compared to deficient (<30 nmol/L) vitamin D status was 0.94 (0.59-1.50), p-trend=0.86. Further adjustment for hypertension status did not influence results (OR [95% CI]=0.95 [0.59-1.52], p-trend=0.84). Results did not vary significantly by age, race, sex, early AMD subtype (soft drusen or retinal pigment epithelium depigmentation), or ARMS2 genotype. Results did not vary significantly by CFH genotype in African Americans. The p for multiplicative interaction between 25(OH)D and CFH genotype was 0.06 in Caucasians, but OR [95% CIs] for AMD by vitamin D status were similar in each CFH genotype and not statistically significant.
conclusionsVitamin D status was not associated with early AMD in this cohort sample.
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