ArticleBMJ open2017
Factors associated with nicotine dependence during methadone maintenance treatment: findings from a multisite survey in Vietnam.
Article in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reductions in tobacco use in naltrexone, relative to buprenorphine-maintained individuals with opioid use disorder: Secondary analysis from the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2021Trial
- Perspectives on addiction-related problems in Vietnam.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Review
- Tobacco smoking as an endocrine disrupting chemical: An assessment through biological monitoring.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Persistence in the Methadone Maintenance Program and Its Relationship with the Medication Regimen Complexity Index in Opioid-Dependent Patients.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Morphine Exposure Reduces Nicotine-Induced Upregulation of Nicotinic Receptors and Decreases Volitional Nicotine Intake in a Mouse Model.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Nicotine and Opioids: a Call for Co-treatment as the Standard of Care.The journal of behavioral health services & research · 2020Review
- The Chinese version of obsessive compulsive drug use scale: validation in outpatient methadone maintenance treatment program.BMC psychiatry · 2020Article
- Treatment adherence amongst drug users attending public and private methadone maintenance clinics in a northern province of Vietnam.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2020Article
- Polysubstance Use among Patients Enrolling in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program in a Vietnam Province with Drug-Driven HIV Epidemic.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- The relationship between health-related variables and increases in smoking among recently diagnosed HIV+ people who inject drugs in Vietnam.Addictive behaviors · 2019Article
- Changes in Substance Abuse and HIV Risk Behaviors over 12-Month Methadone Maintenance Treatment among Vietnamese Patients in Mountainous Provinces.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Cigarette Smoking Is Significantly Linked to Sexual Dissatisfaction in Chinese Heroin-Dependent Patients Receiving Methadone Maintenance Treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Customers' Perceptions of Compliance with a Tobacco Control Law in Restaurants in Hanoi, Vietnam: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Alcohol and tobacco use among methadone maintenance patients in Vietnamese rural mountainside areas.Addictive behaviors reports · 2018Article
- Concurrent drug use among methadone maintenance patients in mountainous areas in northern Vietnam.BMJ open · 2018Article
- Exploring Nicotine Dependence Among People Using Methamphetamine During Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Vietnam.Substance use : research and treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesSmoking is associated with adverse health outcomes among drug users, including those in treatment. To date, however, there has been little evidence about smoking patterns among people receiving opioid-dependence treatment in developing countries. We examined self-reported nicotine dependence and associated factors in a large sample of opioid-dependent patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in northern Vietnam.
settingFive clinics in Hanoi (urban area) and Nam Dinh (rural area).
participantsPatients receiving MMT in the settings during the study period. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: We collected data about smoking patterns, levels of nicotine dependence and other covariates such as socioeconomic status, health status, alcohol use and drug use. The Fagerström test was used to measure nicotine dependence (FTND). Logistic regression and Tobit regression were employed to examine relationships between the smoking rate, nicotine dependence and potentially associated variables.
resultsAmong 1016 drug users undergoing MMT (98.7% male), 87.2% were current smokers. The mean FTND score was 4.5 (SD 2.4). Longer duration of MMT (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96 to 0.99) and being HIV-positive (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.88) were associated with lower likelihood of smoking. Being employed, older age at first drug injection and having long duration of MMT were inversely related with FTND scores. Higher age and continuing drug and alcohol use were significantly associated with higher FTND scores.
conclusionSmoking prevalence is high among methadone maintenance drug users. Enhanced smoking cessation support should be integrated into MMT programmes in order to reduce risk factors for cigarette smoking and improve the health and well-being of people recovering from opiate dependence.
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