ReviewClinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)2018
Redefining essential fatty acids in the era of novel intravenous lipid emulsions.
Review in Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Essential fatty acid deficiency, olive oil-based intravenous lipid emulsion, and genetic polymorphisms: A pediatric randomized controlled trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Whole plant forage mulberry feed improves meat flavor in Wenchang chickens: insights from electronic nose, HS-GC-MS, and multi-omics analysis.Poultry science · 2026Article
- In defense of the Holman index: Defining fatty acid deficiency.Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2026Review
- A Longitudinal Study of Baseline Fatty Acid Concentrations and Executive Function Over 12 Months Among Adolescents With and Without Perinatal HIV Exposure or Infection From Kampala, Uganda.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Essential fatty acid deficiency in parenteral nutrition: Historical perspective and modern solutions, a narrative review.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2025Review
- Long-term/home parenteral nutrition: expert consensus statements regarding intravenous lipid emulsions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The Role of Omega- 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Narrative Review.Current nutrition reports · 2024Review
- Supercritical COMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Fat malabsorption in short bowel syndrome: A review of pathophysiology and management.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2024Review
- Review
- An Overview of Short-Bowel Syndrome in Pediatric Patients: Focus on Clinical Management and Prevention of Complications.Nutrients · 2023Review
- New Perspectives on the Associations between Blood Fatty Acids, Growth Parameters, and Cognitive Development in Global Child Populations.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Essentially well tolerated: a novel way to examine fatty acid status in children with severe intestinal failure on composite fish-oil lipid emulsion.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Article
- Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in the Prevention and Treatment of Liver Disease in Intestinal Failure.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Impact of Parenteral Lipid Emulsion Components on Cholestatic Liver Disease in Neonates.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Article
- High Dose Intravenous Fish Oil Reduces Inflammation-A Retrospective Tale from Two Centers.Nutrients · 2020Article
- The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses.Nutrients · 2019Review
- Short Bowel Syndrome as the Leading Cause of Intestinal Failure in Early Life: Some Insights into the Management.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2019Review
- Monitoring of long-term parenteral nutrition in children with intestinal failure.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The essentiality of fatty acids was determined by the Burrs in the 1920s. It is commonly accepted that provision of linoleic (LA) and alpha-linolenic acids (ALA) prevents and reverses essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD). Development of alternative injectable lipid emulsions (ILE) low in LA and ALA has raised concern about their ability to prevent EFAD. This review provides biochemical evidence coupled with observations from animal and human studies that aim to characterize which fatty acids are truly essential to prevent EFAD. Retroconversion pathways and mobilization from body stores suggest that arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids (ARA and DHA - the main derivatives of LA and ALA, respectively) also prevent EFAD. Our group first proposed the essentiality of ARA and DHA by feeding mice exclusively these fatty acids and proving that they prevent EFAD. Survival for 5 generations on this diet provides additional evidence that growth and reproductive capabilities are maintained. Moreover, the use of fish oil-based ILE, with minimal LA and ALA and abundant DHA and ARA, for treatment of intestinal failure-associated liver disease, does not result in EFAD. These findings challenge the essentiality of LA and ALA in the presence of ARA and DHA. Evidence discussed in this review supports the idea that ARA and DHA can independently fulfill dietary essential fatty acid requirements. The imminent introduction of new ILE rich in ARA and DHA in the United States highlights the importance of understanding their essentiality, especially when provision of ALA and LA is below the established daily minimum requirement.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.