ReviewAnnual review of nutrition2017
Metabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting.
Review in Annual review of nutrition, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 392 papers, 17 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effects of Four Weeks of Intermittent Fasting on Resting Energy Expenditure, Satiety Hormones, Body Composition, and Performance in Competitive Runners
Time Restricted Eating As Treatment (TREAT) for Diabetes Mellitus: A Pre-Post 12 Week Study on the Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting in Asians With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Lifestyle Intervention Feasibility for Arrhythmia and Symptoms With Intermittent Fasting (LIFE AS IF)
The Impact of Time Restricted Feeding in Crohn's Disease
The Effect of Intermittent Fasting Diet on Metabolic Syndrome Biomarkers and Weight Management in Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome
Intermittent Fasting Monitoring for Human Optimization Utilizing Wearable Technology: an N-of-1 Prospective Study
Family-Based Meal Timing for Cancer Prevention Among Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders: FAMTIME
Who cites it
392 citing papers in PubMed, 17 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effects of intermittent fasting on BMI, fasting blood glucose, and blood pressure in women with overweight or obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis with dose-response relationships.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Optimal dosage of exercise combined with intermittent fasting for body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Intermittent fasting versus continuous energy restriction in MASLD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Intermittent Fasting During Pregnancy and Neonatal Birth Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of intermittent fasting on insulin resistance, lipid profile, and inflammation on metabolic syndrome: a GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Inflammatory Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Pairwise and Network Meta-Analyses.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Additional Effect of Exercise to Intermittent Fasting on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Overweight/obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current obesity reports · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of intermittent fasting on obesity and metabolic indices in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Pooled it
- The effectiveness of fasting regimens on serum levels of some major weight regulating hormones: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis in randomized controlled trial.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of time-restricted eating without caloric restriction on blood pressure and cardiometabolic profile in non-diabetic adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health in the Chinese Population: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of intermittent fasting combined with exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin in adults with or without obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of intermittent fasting on gut microbiota: a systematic review of human studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Lipid Profile, Anthropometric and Hepatic Markers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review.Current vascular pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- A meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time-restricted eating for weight loss.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of simultaneous application of plant-rich ketogenic diet and intermittent fasting on early-to-mid-stage Alzheimer's disease: a randomised controlled trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Trial
- Effect of two types of time-restricted eating on glycemic, lipid indices, and weight in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- Effects of later dinner timing on subsequent metabolic function and nocturnal sleep in healthy young women.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2026Trial
332 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The objective of this review is to provide an overview of intermittent fasting regimens, summarize the evidence on the health benefits of intermittent fasting, and discuss physiological mechanisms by which intermittent fasting might lead to improved health outcomes. A MEDLINE search was performed using PubMed and the terms "intermittent fasting," "fasting," "time-restricted feeding," and "food timing." Modified fasting regimens appear to promote weight loss and may improve metabolic health. Several lines of evidence also support the hypothesis that eating patterns that reduce or eliminate nighttime eating and prolong nightly fasting intervals may result in sustained improvements in human health. Intermittent fasting regimens are hypothesized to influence metabolic regulation via effects on (a) circadian biology, (b) the gut microbiome, and (c) modifiable lifestyle behaviors, such as sleep. If proven to be efficacious, these eating regimens offer promising nonpharmacological approaches to improving health at the population level, with multiple public health benefits.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.