ArticlePloS one2017
Synthetic melanin bound to subunit vaccine antigens significantly enhances CD8+ T-cell responses.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tumor Pigmentation Does Not Affect Light-Activated Belzupacap Sarotalocan Treatment but Influences Macrophage Polarization in a Murine Melanoma Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Synthetic Melanin Acts as Efficient Peptide Carrier in Cancer Vaccine Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Melanin and Melanin-Functionalized Nanoparticles as Promising Tools in Cancer Research-A Review.Cancers · 2022Review
- Applications of Melanin and Melanin-Like Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: A Review of Recent Advances.Cancers · 2021Review
- The adjuvant effect of melanin is superior to incomplete Freund's adjuvant in subunit/peptide vaccines in mice.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2020Article
- Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Therapeutic cancer vaccine: building the future from lessons of the past.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) play a key role in immunity against cancer; however, the induction of CTL responses with currently available vaccines remains difficult. Because several reports have suggested that pigmentation and immunity might be functionally linked, we investigated whether melanin can act as an adjuvant in vaccines. Short synthetic peptides (8-35 amino acids long) containing T-cell epitopes were mixed with a solution of L-Dopa, a precursor of melanin. The mixture was then oxidized to generate nanoparticles of melanin-bound peptides. Immunization with melanin-bound peptides efficiently triggered CTL responses in mice, even against self-antigens and at a very low dose of peptides (microgram range). Immunization against a tumor antigen inhibited the growth of established tumors in mice, an effect that was abrogated by the depletion of CD8+ lymphocytes. These results demonstrate the efficacy of melanin as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.