ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2018
Room for improvement in breast milk feeding after very preterm birth in Europe: Results from the EPICE cohort.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Positive breastfeeding experiences and facilitators in mothers of preterm and low birthweight infants: a meta-ethnographic review.International breastfeeding journal · 2021Pooled it
- Growth at 2 years in children born preterm: donor milk versus preterm formula.Pediatric research · 2026Trial
- Probiotics and Risk of Death, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, and Sepsis in Very Preterm Infants.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Sustaining Breastmilk Expression and Direct Feeding at Breast for Very Low Birth Infants: A Qualitative Exploration of Parental Perspectives.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Gender-just reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in maternity care services through the 'baby- friendly hospital initiative': a scoping review.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Beneficial Effects and Factors Associated With Provision of Breast Milk at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Discharge to Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Factors affecting continuation of mother's-own-(breast)milk feeding until discharge from the NICU for infants born preterm less than 32 weeks: A cohort study.Paediatrics & child health · 2025Article
- Article
- Lactation support in neonatal intensive care units in Germany from the mothers' perspective - a mixed-method study of the current status and needs.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Monitoring the Use of Human Milk, the Ideal Food for Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants-A Narrative Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Comparison between the for-profit human milk industry and nonprofit human milk banking: Time for regulation?Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Factors associated with high exclusive breastfeeding rates among preterm infants under 34 weeks of gestation in Da Nang, Vietnam: A retrospective cohort study.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Understanding the current and future usage of donor human milk in hospitals: An online survey of UK neonatal units.Maternal & child nutrition · 2023Article
- A descriptive analysis of human milk dispensed by the Leipzig Donor Human Milk Bank for neonates between 2012 and 2019.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Never-breastfed children face a higher risk of suboptimal cognition at 2 years of corrected age: A multinational cohort of very preterm children.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- Review highlights the importance of donor human milk being available for very low birth weight infants.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Review
- Receiving screened donor human milk for their infant supports parental wellbeing: a mixed-methods study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- A prospective cohort study on lactation status and breastfeeding challenges in mothers giving birth to preterm infants.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Article
- The role of skin-to-skin contact in exclusive breastfeeding: a cohort study.Revista de saude publica · 2022Article
- Inoculation of mother's own milk could personalize pasteurized donor human milk used for feeding preterm infants.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Breast milk feeding (BMF) is associated with lower neonatal morbidity in the very preterm infant (<32 weeks gestation) and breastfeeding is beneficial for maternal health. Previous studies show large variations in BMF after very preterm birth and recognize the need for targeted breastfeeding support in the neonatal intensive care units (NICU). In a European collaboration project about evidence-based practices after very preterm birth, we examined the association between maternal, obstetric, and infant clinical factors; neonatal and maternal care unit policies; and BMF at discharge from the NICU. In multivariable analyses, covariates associated with feeding at discharge were first investigated as predictors of any BMF and in further analysis as predictors of exclusive or partial BMF. Overall, 58% (3,826/6,592) of the infants received any BMF at discharge, but there were large variations between regions (range 36-80%). Primiparity, administration of antenatal corticosteroids, first enteral feed <24 hr after birth, and mother's own milk at first enteral feed were predictors positively associated with any BMF at discharge. Vaginal delivery, singleton birth, and receiving mother's own milk at first enteral feed were associated with exclusive BMF at discharge. Units with a Baby Friendly Hospital accreditation improved any BMF at discharge; units with protocols for BMF and units using donor milk had higher rates of exclusive BMF at discharge. This study suggests that there is a high potential for improving BMF through policies and support in the NICU.
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