ArticleEpidemiology and infection2017
The epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in older adults in the post-PCV era. Has there been a herd effect?
Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Global distribution and characteristics of pneumococcal serotypes in adults.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Effects of Pneumococcal Vaccination in Children Under Five Years of Age in the Democratic Republic of Congo: A Systematic Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Serotype 3 pneumococcal pleural empyema: a case report and review of the epidemiology.European clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Invasive pneumococcal surveillance to assess the potential benefits of extended spectrum conjugate vaccines (PCV15/PCV20) in older adults.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among adult and elderly population before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Casablanca, Morocco.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Peptide linker increased the stability of pneumococcal fusion protein vaccine candidate.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Validation of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for Serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates among Croatian adults during a fifteen-year period (2005-2019).Croatian medical journal · 2022Article
- Serotype Replacement after Introduction of 10-Valent and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in 10 Countries, Europe.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of non-vaccine serotypes ofHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Estimating the contribution of HIV-infected adults to household pneumococcal transmission in South Africa, 2016-2018: A hidden Markov modelling study.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Divergent serotype replacement trends and increasing diversity in pneumococcal disease in high income settings reduce the benefit of expanding vaccine valency.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Vaccine strategies to reduce the burden of pneumococcal disease in HIV-infected adults in Africa.Expert review of vaccines · 2020Review
- Adult Otogenic Meningitis in the Pneumococcal Conjugated Vaccines Era.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2020Article
- Recent advances in the epidemiology and prevention ofF1000Research · 2020Review
- Article
- Serotype-Independent Protection Against Invasive Pneumococcal Infections Conferred by Live Vaccine WithFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- The Evolving Epidemiology of Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance ofInfection & chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 7 and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have reduced the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children in many countries. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of PCVs and potential herd-protection in older adults in Ireland. IPD notification and typing data from adults ⩾65 years of age from July 2007 to June 2016 was assessed using national surveillance data. There was a 94% reduction in PCV7 serotypes from 2007-2008 to 2015-2016, incidence rate ratio (IRR 0·05, P < 0·0001). However, there was no decline in the additional PCV13 (PCV13-7) serotypes over the same period (IRR 0·90) nor in comparison with the pre-PCV13 period 2009-2010 (IRR 0·92). The incidence of serotypes in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine only (PPV23-PCV13) and non-vaccine types (NVTs) increased significantly (IRR 2·17, P = 0·0002 and IRR 3·43, P = 0·0001 respectively). Consequently, the overall IPD incidence rate in adults has remained relatively unchanged (from 28·66/100 000 to 28·88/100 000, IRR 1·01, P = 0·9477). Serotype 19A and NVTs were mainly responsible for penicillin resistance in recent years. The decline of PCV7 serotypes indicate that the introduction of PCV7 resulted in herd-protection for adults. However, increases in PPV23-PCV13 and NVTs suggest that changes in vaccination strategy amongst older adults are needed to build on the success of PCVs in children.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.