ArticleThe lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology2017
Targeting weight loss interventions to reduce cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes: a machine learning-based post-hoc analysis of heterogeneous treatment effects in the Look AHEAD trial.
Article in The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Accuracy of Machine Learning Classification Models for the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Survey and Meta-Analysis Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Subgroup-specific cardiovascular effects of intensive lifestyle intervention: a causal forest analysis in adults with type 2 diabetes and overweight/obesity.Nutrition & diabetes · 2026Trial
- Causal Forests in Practice: Lessons on Detecting Heterogeneous Treatment Effects in a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Healthy Food Subsidy Program in Canada.The Journal of nutrition · 2026Trial
- A machine learning approach identifies modulators of heart failure hospitalization prevention among patients with type 2 diabetes: A revisit to the ACCORD trial.Journal of diabetes and its complications · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Effectiveness of oseltamivir treatment on clinical failure in hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups, Risk for Complications, and Differential Effects Due to an Intensive Lifestyle Intervention.Diabetes care · 2021Trial
- Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects From an Intensive Lifestyle Weight Loss Intervention on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Data From the Look AHEAD Trial.Diabetes care · 2019Trial
- Assessment of a Precision Medicine Analysis of a Behavioral Counseling Strategy to Improve Adherence to Diabetes Self-management Among Youth: A Post Hoc Analysis of the FLEX Trial.JAMA network open · 2019Trial
- Demographic and Social-Cognitive Factors Associated with Weight Loss in Overweight, Pre-diabetic Participants of the PREVIEW Study.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2018Trial
- The Look AHEAD Research Program: A 25-Year Retrospective From the Perspective of Geroscience.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis, Prediction, and Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Causal machine learning analysis identifies subpopulations most likely to benefit from healthy lifestyles for cognitive outcomes.General psychiatry · 2026Article
- Circadian syndrome (CircS) and cognitive trajectory deterioration in middle-aged and older adults: A national cohort study with causal forest analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- The optimal conditioning intensity of stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- The effect of beinaglutide on visceral fat and body weight in obese type 2 diabetic patients.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- 8. Obesity and Weight Management for the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
- Anatomical resection is associated with reduced early recurrences in HCC: A machine learning analysis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2025Article
- Artificial Intelligence Enabled Lifestyle Medicine in Diabetes Care: A Narrative Review.American journal of lifestyle medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) trial investigated whether long-term cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality could be reduced through a weight loss intervention among people with type 2 diabetes. Despite finding no significant reduction in cardiovascular events on average, it is possible that some subpopulations might have derived benefit. In this post-hoc analysis, we test the hypothesis that the overall neutral average treatment effect in the trial masked important heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) from intensive weight loss interventions.
methodsWe used causal forest modelling, which identifies HTEs, using a random half of the trial data (the training set). We applied Cox proportional hazards models to test the potential HTEs on the remaining half of the data (the testing set). The analysis was deemed exempt from review by the Columbia University Institutional Review Board, Protocol ID# AAAO3003.
findingsBetween Aug 22, 2001, and April 30, 2004, 5145 patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the Look AHEAD randomised controlled trial, of whom 4901 were included in the The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Repository and included in our analyses: 2450 for model development and 2451 in the testing dataset. Baseline HbA
interpretationLook AHEAD participants with moderately or poorly controlled diabetes (HbA
fundingNone.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.