ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences2017
Global Disparities and Their Implications in the Occurrence and Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis.
Review in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune hepatitis in children: Guidelines of the Indian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ISPGHAN).Hepatology international · 2025Guideline
- Serum vitamins and homocysteine levels in autoimmune liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- Revealing the pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis and research progress in drug discovery from hepatic immune cells and intercellular communication signaling mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Prognosis in Young Patients with Hepatitis B Cirrhosis: A Propensity Score Matched Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Hepatic Fibrosis for Pharmacodynamic Evaluation and Pathology Exploration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A retrospective study of clinical characteristics and steroid therapy in immune checkpoint inhibitor-mediated hepatitis.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Advances in the Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Review
- Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Overview.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Clinical Features of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Systematic Review.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Missing Causality and Heritability of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical Characteristics of Autoimmune Hepatitis in a Middle Eastern Population: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Patient Priorities in Autoimmune Hepatitis: The Need for Better Treatments, More Education and Challenging Stigma.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Trust Your Gut: The Association of Gut Microbiota and Liver Disease.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Ginsenosides Regulates Innate Immunity to Affect Immune Microenvironment of AIH Through Hippo-YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Validating a novel algorithm to identify patients with autoimmune hepatitis in an administrative database.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2021Article
- Development and validation of a prognostic score for long-term transplant-free survival in autoimmune hepatitis type 1.United European gastroenterology journal · 2021Article
- Genetic risk factors for autoimmune hepatitis: implications for phenotypic heterogeneity and biomarkers for drug response.Human genomics · 2021Review
- The Gut Barrier, Intestinal Microbiota, and Liver Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategies to Manage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Circular RNAs associated with a mouse model of concanavalin A-induced autoimmune hepatitis: preliminary screening and comprehensive functional analysis.FEBS open bio · 2020Article
- Autoimmune Hepatitis: Shifts in Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Pathways among Egyptian Patients.Microorganisms · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis has a variable occurrence, clinical phenotype, and outcome, and the factors contributing to this variability are uncertain. The goals of this review are to examine the global disparities in the occurrence and outcome of autoimmune hepatitis, suggest bases for these disparities, and encourage investigations that extend beyond single-center experiences. Disparities in the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in different age groups, genders, ethnicities, and geographical regions suggest that factors other than genetic predisposition are involved. Age- and gender-related antigen exposures from the external (infections, toxins, and medications) and internal (intestinal microbiome) environment may affect the incidence of the disease, and the timeliness and nature of treatment may influence its prevalence. The increasing incidence of autoimmune hepatitis in Spain, Denmark, and the Netherlands suggests that a new etiological trigger has been introduced or that the susceptible population has changed. Variations in mortality between Western and Asian-Pacific countries may result from differences in disease detection or management, and variations in gender predilection, peak age of onset, frequency of concurrent immune diseases, and serological profile may reflect gender-biased and age-related antigen exposures and genetic predispositions. Global collaborations, population-based epidemiological studies that identify case clustering, and controlled interview-based surveys are mechanisms by which to understand these disparities and improve management. In conclusion, autoimmune hepatitis has a rising incidence in some countries and variable occurrence, phenotype, and outcome between countries and subgroups within countries. These disparities suggest that unrecognized population-based environmental, infectious, or socioeconomic factors are affecting its character.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.