SynthesisOrphanet journal of rare diseases2017
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a systematic review of its epidemiology, demographics and risk factors.
Synthesis in Orphanet journal of rare diseases, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Renal outcomes in tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Tubulointerstitial Nephritis With Uveitis (TINU) Syndrome: A Case Series and Review of Literature.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Review
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in children: What to keep an eye on.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Article
- Successful long-term treatment of tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis with mycophenolate.BMJ case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome: a case series.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- Drug-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome in a nationwide surveillance.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- A Comprehensive Review of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis (TINU) Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Article
- A framework for exclusion of alternative diagnoses in sarcoidosis.Journal of autoimmunity · 2024Review
- Diagnosis and Characteristics of Presentation of Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome During the COVID-2019 Pandemic.Ocular immunology and inflammation · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Mimickers of anterior uveitis, scleritis and misdiagnoses- tips and tricks for the cornea specialist.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2024Review
- [Advances in computational quantitative nephropathology].Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Ocular manifestations and clinical outcomes in Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome (TINU).Eye (London, England) · 2024Article
- TINU: A Multisystemic Inflammatory Disorder-Case Report and Literature Review.Case reports in nephrology · 2024Article
- VKH-like uveitis during donafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) following COVID-19 vaccination.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome is a rare oculorenal inflammatory condition that was first described in 1975. In 2001 a major review identified 133 cases in the world literature and proposed key diagnostic criteria for the condition. Although acknowledged as rare, the limited data available prevented reliable estimates of the prevalence of the condition, and hampered elucidation of the relationship between genetic and environmental factors that contribute to its pathogenesis.In this review we have performed a systematic search on the epidemiology, demographics and proposed risk factors for TINU. Estimates of prevalence based on studies that explicitly report TINU cases suggest that it is diagnosed in 0.2-2% of patients attending specialist uveitis services, with variation reflecting a number of factors including level of diagnostic certainty required. The prevalence of uveitis in patients with tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) may be higher than currently recognised, particularly in the paediatric population.The prevalence of TINU is higher in younger age groups and there is a female preponderance although this gender effect appears weaker than suggested by early studies. Although important genetic contributions have been proposed, the small size of studies and variation between reports currently preclude identification of a 'pro-TINU' haplotype. Drugs and infections have been proposed as the leading acquired risk factors for the development of TINU; whilst the small size of TINU cohorts and issues of study design limit interpretation of many studies. Larger datasets from the renal literature suggest that the majority of these cases are precipitated by a drug-induced hypersensitivity reaction; however in many ophthalmic cases no clear precipitant is identified.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.