ReviewClinical and experimental immunology2017
Redundant and regulatory roles for Toll-like receptors in Leishmania infection.
Review in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis pathogenesis with prolonged sunlight (ultraviolet radiations) exposure in VL endemic population of Bihar.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- First documented case of visceral leishmaniasis with rare colonic involvement in an immunocompetent adult in Slovakia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Determination of key hub genes in Leishmaniasis as potential factors in diagnosis and treatment based on a bioinformatics study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Advances inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Revisiting the evolution of bow-tie architecture in signaling networks.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
- Transcriptomics analysis highlights potential ways in human pathogenesis in Leishmania braziliensis infected with the viral endosymbiont LRV1.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Neutrophils versus Protozoan Parasites:Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to decipher the multitarget pharmacological mechanism ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- From Infection to Death: An Overview of the Pathogenesis of Visceral Leishmaniasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Gene Signatures of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Clinical-Immunological Profiles of Human Infection byMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Partial characterization of purified glycoprotein from nutshell of Arachis hypogea L. towards macrophage activation and leishmaniacidal activity.Glycoconjugate journal · 2023Article
- miR-148a regulation interferes in inflammatory cytokine and parasitic load in canine leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Unwinding the mechanism of macrophage repolarization potential ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
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- Insight Into the Long Noncoding RNA and mRNA Coexpression Profile in the Human Blood Transcriptome UponFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Interplay Between Sialic Acids, Siglec-E, and Neu1 Regulates MyD88- and TRIF-Dependent Pathways for TLR4-Activation DuringFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- The Paradox of a Phagosomal Lifestyle: How Innate Host Cell-Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Complement receptor 3 mediates ruffle-like, actin-rich aggregates during phagocytosis of Leishmania infantum metacyclics.Experimental parasitology · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are germline-encoded, non-clonal innate immune receptors, which are often the first receptors to recognize the molecular patterns on pathogens. Therefore, the immune response initiated by TLRs has far-reaching consequences on the outcome of an infection. As soon as the cell surface TLRs and other receptors recognize a pathogen, the pathogen is phagocytosed. Inclusion of TLRs in the phagosome results in quicker phagosomal maturation and stronger adaptive immune response, as TLRs influence co-stimulatory molecule expression and determinant selection by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and MHC class I for cross-presentation. The signals delivered by the TCR-peptide-MHC complex and co-stimulatory molecules are indispensable for optimal T cell activation. In addition, the cytokines induced by TLRs can skew the differentiation of activated T cells to different effector T cell subsets. However, the potential of TLRs to influence adaptive immune response into different patterns is severely restricted by multiple factors: gross specificity for the molecular patterns, lack of receptor rearrangements, sharing of limited number of adaptors that assemble signalling complexes and redundancy in ligand recognition. These features of apparent redundancy and regulation in the functioning of TLRs characterize them as important and probable contributory factors in the resistance or susceptibility to an infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.