ArticleEye and vision (London, England)2017
Toll-like receptor 2-mediated NF-kappa B pathway activation in ocular surface epithelial cells.
Article in Eye and vision (London, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is the impact of microbiota on dry eye: a literature review of the gut-eye axis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Ultrasmall oral Saccharibacteria modulate gingival immunoactivation through type IV pili and TLR2-dependent endocytosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Genetically predicted inflammatory cytokines mediate the associations between the gut microbiota and ovarian cancer: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Dry Eye Disease: From Inflammation Pathways to Therapeutic Prospects.Stem cells international · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms underlying cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian injury and protective strategies.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Assessing the Independent and Combined Effects of Hyperosmolarity and Inflammatory Stress on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- The updated evidence of pirfenidone treated silicosis based on network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Wedelolactone, a natural coumestan with multiple pharmacological effects.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Impact of Systemic Inflammatory Regulators on Rosacea Risk: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying cyclophosphamide-induced cognitive impairment and strategies for neuroprotection in preclinical models.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2024Review
- Toll-like receptor-4 expression and oxidative stress in ocular rosacea.Molecular vision · 2024Article
- Impact of Exposomes on Ocular Surface Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptor-4 expression and oxidative stress in ocular rosacea.Molecular vision · 2023Article
- The Role of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides in Modulating Innate Immunity of the Ocular Surface in Dry Eye Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cutaneous and ocular rosacea: Common and specific physiopathogenic mechanisms and study models.Molecular vision · 2021Review
- Recent updates on COVID-19: A holistic review.Heliyon · 2020Review
- Induction of Neuroinflammation and Neurotoxicity by Synthetic Hemozoin.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2019Article
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan-induced SBD-1 expression in ovine ruminal epithelial cells is mediated through the TLR-2-MyD88-NF-κB/MAPK pathway.Veterinary research communications · 2019Article
- [Activation of nuclear factor-κB subunit p50/p65 enhances gefitinib resistance of lung adenocarcinoma H1650 cell line].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2018Article
- Erzhi Formula Extracts Reverse Renal Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats by Protecting the Renal Podocytes.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGram-positive bacteria stimulate Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and then activate the pro-inflammatory nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. As the human ocular surface is heavily colonised by gram-positive cocci bacteria, a balance of activation/repression of NF-κB target genes is essential to avoid uncontrolled infection or autoimmune-related inflammation. It is advantageous to test NF-κB targeting molecules in an ocular surface culture system that allows assessment of temporal NF-κB activation in a longitudinal fashion without destruction of cells. Such initial testing under standardised conditions should reduce the number of molecules that progress to further evaluation in animal models. This study aims to establish an in-vitro cell culture system to assess NF-κB activation in the context of ocular surface cells.
methodsNF-κB activity was evaluated through a secretory alkaline phosphatase reporter assay (SEAP). Immunoblots and immunofluorescence were used to examine IκBα phosphorylation and p65/p50 nuclear localization. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) transcripts were evaluated by real time PCR and protein levels were measured by ELISA.
resultsNF-κB activity in HCE-T cells treated with TLR2 activator Pam3CSK4 was higher than control cells at both 6 and 24 h. Pam3CSK4-stimulated NF-κB activation was inhibited by IκK inhibitors, Wedelolactone and BMS-345541. In Pam3CSK4 treated cells, active NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 increased in cell nuclear fractions as early as 1.5 h. Although the level of total IκB-α remained constant, phospho-IκB-α increased with treatment over time. In the culture media of Pam3CSK4-stimulated cells, MCP-1 protein level was increased, which was suppressed in the presence of IκK inhibitors.
conclusionNF-κB pathway can be activated by the TLR2 ligand and inhibited by IκK inhibitors in the ocular surface cell culture system. This cell culture system may be used to evaluate TLR-related innate defences in ocular surface diseases.
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