Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28705228›Full record

ReviewMicrobiome2017

Cleanliness in context: reconciling hygiene with a modern microbial perspective.

Roo Vandegrift, Ashley C Bateman, Kyla N Siemens, May Nguyen, Hannah E Wilson, Jessica L Green, Kevin G Van Den Wymelenberg, Roxana J Hickey

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Microbiome, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. It's a Long Way to the Tap: Microbiome and DNA-Based Omics at the Core of Drinking Water Quality.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. The hygiene hypothesis, the COVID pandemic, and consequences for the human microbiome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Roo VandegriftBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. awv@uoregon.edu.
Ashley C BatemanBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Kyla N SiemensBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
May NguyenBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Hannah E WilsonBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Jessica L GreenBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
Kevin G Van Den WymelenbergBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA. kevinvdw@uoregon.edu.
Roxana J HickeyBiology and the Built Environment Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concept of hygiene is rooted in the relationship between cleanliness and the maintenance of good health. Since the widespread acceptance of the germ theory of disease, hygiene has become increasingly conflated with sterilization. In reviewing studies across the hygiene literature (most often hand hygiene), we found that nearly all studies of hand hygiene utilize bulk reduction in bacterial load as a proxy for reduced transmission of pathogenic organisms. This treatment of hygiene may be insufficient in light of recent microbial ecology research, which has demonstrated that humans have intimate and evolutionarily significant relationships with a diverse assemblage of microorganisms (our microbiota). The human skin is home to a diverse and specific community of microorganisms, which include members that exist across the ecological spectrum from pathogen through commensal to mutualist. Most evidence suggests that the skin microbiota is likely of direct benefit to the host and only rarely exhibits pathogenicity. This complex ecological context suggests that the conception of hygiene as a unilateral reduction or removal of microbes has outlived its usefulness. As such, we suggest the explicit definition of hygiene as "those actions and practices that reduce the spread or transmission of pathogenic microorganisms, and thus reduce the incidence of disease."

Indexed as

Hygiene HypothesisMicrobiotaHand DisinfectionHand HygieneHumansInfectionsMicrobial InteractionsSkinSymbiosisHand hygieneHygieneMicrobial ecologyMicrobiomeMicrobiotaSkin

Identifiers

PMID28705228
PMCPMC5513348

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.