ArticlePloS one2017
Increased genetic diversity and prevalence of co-infection with Trypanosoma spp. in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and their ticks identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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32 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Ticks and Tick-Borne Microorganisms in Australian Wildlife: A Scoping One Health Evidence Synthesis of Reported Associations and Knowledge Gaps.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The relationships of viral and protozoal co-infections to Chlamydia pecorum infection and chlamydiosis outcomes in northern koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus).PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Non-human primates as indicators of Kinetoplastida diversity in an urban environment in Midwest Brazil.Frontiers in parasitology · 2025Article
- Tick-borne piroplasms and trypanosomes incidentally detected in eastern grey kangaroos (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2024Article
- Perception of Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases Worldwide.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Biochemical and genotyping analyses of camels (Camelus dromedaries) trypanosomiasis in North Africa.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Prevalence of haemosporidia in Asian Glossy Starling with discovery of misbinding of Haemoproteus-specific primer to Plasmodium genera in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Phylogenetic evidence for a clade of tick-associated trypanosomes.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Old Methods, New Insights: Reviewing Concepts on the Ecology of Trypanosomatids andPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Troublesome Ticks Research Protocol: Developing a Comprehensive, Multidiscipline Research Plan for Investigating Human Tick-Associated Disease in Australia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Kinetoplastid Species Maintained by a Small Mammal Community in the Pantanal Biome.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Metatranscriptomic profiling reveals diverse tick-borne bacteria, protozoans and viruses in ticks and wildlife from Australia.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Trypanosomatid Richness Among Rats, Opossums, and Dogs in the Caatinga Biome, Northeast Brazil, a Former Endemic Area of Chagas Disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The Isolation of Culturable Bacteria inInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Development of an Amplicon-Based Next-Generation Sequencing Protocol to IdentifyMicrobiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Diversity and Epidemiology of Bat Trypanosomes: A One Health Perspective.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Parasites of wombats (family Vombatidae), with a focus on ticks and tick-borne pathogens.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- Illuminating the bacterial microbiome of Australian ticks withCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
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Abstract
Infections with Trypanosoma spp. have been associated with poor health and decreased survival of koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus), particularly in the presence of concurrent pathogens such as Chlamydia and koala retrovirus. The present study describes the application of a next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based assay to characterise the prevalence and genetic diversity of trypanosome communities in koalas and two native species of ticks (Ixodes holocyclus and I. tasmani) removed from koala hosts. Among 168 koalas tested, 32.2% (95% CI: 25.2-39.8%) were positive for at least one Trypanosoma sp. Previously described Trypanosoma spp. from koalas were identified, including T. irwini (32.1%, 95% CI: 25.2-39.8%), T. gilletti (25%, 95% CI: 18.7-32.3%), T. copemani (27.4%, 95% CI: 20.8-34.8%) and T. vegrandis (10.1%, 95% CI: 6.0-15.7%). Trypanosoma noyesi was detected for the first time in koalas, although at a low prevalence (0.6% 95% CI: 0-3.3%), and a novel species (Trypanosoma sp. AB-2017) was identified at a prevalence of 4.8% (95% CI: 2.1-9.2%). Mixed infections with up to five species were present in 27.4% (95% CI: 21-35%) of the koalas, which was significantly higher than the prevalence of single infections 4.8% (95% CI: 2-9%). Overall, a considerably higher proportion (79.7%) of the Trypanosoma sequences isolated from koala blood samples were identified as T. irwini, suggesting this is the dominant species. Co-infections involving T. gilletti, T. irwini, T. copemani, T. vegrandis and Trypanosoma sp. AB-2017 were also detected in ticks, with T. gilletti and T. copemani being the dominant species within the invertebrate hosts. Direct Sanger sequencing of Trypanosoma 18S rRNA gene amplicons was also performed and results revealed that this method was only able to identify the genotypes with greater amount of reads (according to NGS) within koala samples, which highlights the advantages of NGS in detecting mixed infections. The present study provides new insights on the natural genetic diversity of Trypanosoma communities infecting koalas and constitutes a benchmark for future clinical and epidemiological studies required to quantify the contribution of trypanosome infections on koala survival rates.
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