ArticlePloS one2017
Mammary candidiasis: A medical condition without scientific evidence?
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of Pasteurization and Storage on the Microbiological Composition and Lipid Degradation of Human Milk Cream.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Next Generation Sequencing in Defining the Composition of Bacterial Microbiota of Donated Human Milk.Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2025Article
- Viable bacterial communities in freshly pumped human milk and their changes during cold storage conditions.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Observational
- Metabolomics Approach to Identify Biomarkers of Acute and Subacute Mastitis in Milk Samples: A Pilot Case-Control Study.Metabolites · 2024Article
- Differences in Diagnosis and Treatment of Nipple Conditions of Reproductive-Age Women at a Tertiary Health System.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2023Article
- Nipple thrush or dermatitis: A retrospective cohort study of nipple-areolar complex conditions and call for coordinated, multidisciplinary care.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2023Article
- Breastmilk microbiome changes associated with lactational mastitis and treatment with dandelion extract.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Nipple candidiasis and painful lactation: an updated overview.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2022Review
- Microbiological Quality of Milk Donated to the Regional Human Milk Bank in Warsaw in the First Four Years of Activity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Inoculation of mother's own milk could personalize pasteurized donor human milk used for feeding preterm infants.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- New perspectives on the topical management of recurrent candidiasis.Drug delivery and translational research · 2021Review
- Management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in lactation: case report and review of the literature.International breastfeeding journal · 2021Review
- Article
- Effect of Sample Collection (Manual Expression vs. Pumping) and Skimming on the Microbial Profile of Human Milk Using Culture Techniques and Metataxonomic Analysis.Microorganisms · 2020Article
- Mastitis While Breastfeeding: Prevention, the Importance of Proper Treatment, and Potential Complications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
- Human milk fungi: environmental determinants and inter-kingdom associations with milk bacteria in the CHILD Cohort Study.BMC microbiology · 2020Article
- Breast Pathology That Contributes to Dysfunction of Human Lactation: a Spotlight on Nipple Blebs.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2020Review
- Maternal and Perinatal Factors Associated with the Human Milk Microbiome.Current developments in nutrition · 2020Review
- The Microbiota of the Human Mammary Ecosystem.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many physicians, midwives and lactation consultants still believe that yeasts (particularly Candida spp.) play an important role as an agent of nipple and breast pain despite the absolute absence of scientific proofs to establish such association. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the microorganisms involved in sore nipples and/or painful "shooting" breastfeeding by using a variety of microscopy techniques, as well as culture-dependent and-independent identification methods. Initially, 60 women (30 diagnosed as suffering "mammary candidiasis" and 30 with no painful breastfeeding) were recruited to elucidate the role of their pumps on the milk microbial profiles. After realizing the bias introduced by using such devices, manual expression was selected as the collection method for the microbiological analysis of milk samples provided by 529 women with symptoms compatible with "mammary candidiasis". Nipple swabs and nipple biopsy samples were also collected from the participating women. Results showed that the role played by yeasts in breast and nipple pain is, if any, marginal. In contrast, our results strongly support that coagulase-negative staphylococci and streptococci (mainly from the mitis and salivarius groups) are the agents responsible for such cases. As a consequence, and following the recommendations of the US Library of Medicine for the nomenclature of infectious diseases, the term "mammary candidiasis" or "nipple thrush" should be avoided when referring to such condition and replaced by "subacute mastitis".
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.