ArticlePloS one2017
Simulated impacts of ankle foot orthoses on muscle demand and recruitment in typically-developing children and children with cerebral palsy and crouch gait.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Subject-specific muscle properties from diffusion tensor imaging significantly improve the accuracy of musculoskeletal models.Journal of anatomy · 2020Trial
- Changes in Motor Function in a Child with Cerebral Palsy Following Multiple Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Case Report.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Biomechanical models in the lower-limb exoskeletons development: a review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Review
- The ankle dorsiflexion kinetics demand to increase swing phase foot-ground clearance: implications for assistive device design and energy demands.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Does crouch alter the effects of neuromuscular impairments on gait? A simulation study.Journal of biomechanics · 2024Article
- Ten steps to becoming a musculoskeletal simulation expert: A half-century of progress and outlook for the future.Journal of biomechanics · 2023Review
- Effects of powered ankle-foot orthoses mass distribution on lower limb muscle forces-a simulation study.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2023Article
- A machine learning approach to quantify individual gait responses to ankle exoskeletons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Independently ambulatory children with spina bifida experience near-typical knee and ankle joint moments and forces during walking.Gait & posture · 2023Article
- Muscle forces and power are significantly reduced during walking in patients with peripheral artery disease.Journal of biomechanics · 2022Article
- Estimation of Gross Motor Functions in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Zebris FDM-T Treadmill.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Predicting walking response to ankle exoskeletons using data-driven models.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2020Article
- In vivo human lower limb muscle architecture dataset obtained using diffusion tensor imaging.PloS one · 2019Article
- Muscle Synergy Constraints Do Not Improve Estimates of Muscle Activity From Static Optimization During Gait for Unimpaired Children or Children With Cerebral Palsy.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Passive ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) are often prescribed for children with cerebral palsy (CP) to assist locomotion, but predicting how specific device designs will impact energetic demand during gait remains challenging. Powered AFOs have been shown to reduce energy costs of walking in unimpaired adults more than passive AFOs, but have not been tested in children with CP. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential impact of powered and passive AFOs on muscle demand and recruitment in children with CP and crouch gait. We simulated gait for nine children with crouch gait and three typically-developing children with powered and passive AFOs. For each AFO design, we computed reductions in muscle demand compared to unassisted gait. Powered AFOs reduced muscle demand 15-44% compared to unassisted walking, 1-14% more than passive AFOs. A slower walking speed was associated with smaller reductions in absolute muscle demand for all AFOs (r2 = 0.60-0.70). However, reductions in muscle demand were only moderately correlated with crouch severity (r2 = 0.40-0.43). The ankle plantarflexor muscles were most heavily impacted by the AFOs, with gastrocnemius recruitment decreasing 13-73% and correlating with increasing knee flexor moments (r2 = 0.29-0.91). These findings support the potential use of powered AFOs for children with crouch gait, and highlight how subject-specific kinematics and kinetics may influence muscle demand and recruitment to inform AFO design.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.