ReviewInfection2017
Pharmacokinetics of antifungal drugs: practical implications for optimized treatment of patients.
Review in Infection, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bibliometric and visual analysis of research on echinocandin treatment for urinary tract infections based on VOSviewer and CiteSpace.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of current treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics variability of echinocandins in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics · 2020Pooled it
- Choosing the Right Antifungal Agent in ICU Patients.Advances in therapy · 2019Pooled it
- Efficacy of Low-Dose Fluconazole for Primary Prophylaxis of Invasive Candida Infections in Patients With Acute Leukemia: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.Cancer medicine · 2025Trial
- Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of ibrexafungerp in healthy Chinese subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 trial.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Trial
- Article
- Anti-Candida activity of simplified analogs of curcumin.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Investigating the therapeutic potential of the antibacterial drug nitroxoline in combating cryptococcal infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Intravenous Fluconazole to Inform eGFR-Based Dosing: A Simulation Study Demonstrating Superiority over Standard Regimens.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Real-world study of effectiveness and safety compared among isavuconazole, amphotericin B, and voriconazole in invasive mold disease patients.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- From Chemistry to Clinic: Amorphous Solid-State Modification Strategies for Oral Azole Antifungals.ACS omega · 2026Review
- F2F-202, a Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Inhibitor, Behaves as an Arrow with Multiple Tips against Azole-ResistantACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Liposomal antimicrobials in the fight against bacterial and fungal pathogens: Clinical successes and development challenges.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Article
- Managing Breakthrough Fungal Infections in Hematologic Patients: Determinants and Practical Management from a Latin American Perspective on Behalf of INFOCUS LATAM-ISHAM Working Group.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Intravenous Fluconazole in Adult Patients Undergoing Mechanical Circulatory Support Device Implantation.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Article
- The Effect ofACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Killing ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial use in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in China: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Observational
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionBecause of the high mortality of invasive fungal infections (IFIs), appropriate exposure to antifungals appears to be crucial for therapeutic efficacy and safety. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis review summarises published pharmacokinetic data on systemically administered antifungals focusing on co-morbidities, target-site penetration, and combination antifungal therapy. CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION: Amphotericin B is eliminated unchanged via urine and faeces. Flucytosine and fluconazole display low protein binding and are eliminated by the kidney. Itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole and isavuconazole are metabolised in the liver. Azoles are substrates and inhibitors of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes and are therefore involved in numerous drug-drug interactions. Anidulafungin is spontaneously degraded in the plasma. Caspofungin and micafungin undergo enzymatic metabolism in the liver, which is independent of CYP. Although several drug-drug interactions occur during caspofungin and micafungin treatment, echinocandins display a lower potential for drug-drug interactions. Flucytosine and azoles penetrate into most of relevant tissues. Amphotericin B accumulates in the liver and in the spleen. Its concentrations in lung and kidney are intermediate and relatively low myocardium and brain. Tissue distribution of echinocandins is similar to that of amphotericin. Combination antifungal therapy is established for cryptococcosis but controversial in other IFIs such as invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.