ReviewPneumonia (Nathan Qld.)2016
Tuberculosis exposure, infection and disease in children: a systematic diagnostic approach.
Review in Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low-complexity manual nucleic acid amplification tests for pulmonary tuberculosis in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Regional trends in childhood tuberculosis case notification and treatment outcomes: Tanzania, 2018-2023.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Outside a Specialized TB Center: Clinical Presentation, Diagnostic Pathways, and Factors Associated with Microbiological Confirmation in a Romanian Tertiary Hospital.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Potential urine NMR Metabolomic signatures for early diagnosis of paediatric tuberculosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Tuberculosis Among Children: A Population-Based Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the Western Cape: A Population-Based Study (2017-2023).Pediatrics · 2026Article
- Stool XpertIJTLD open · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Comparative thoracic radiography in healthy and tuberculosis-positive sun bears (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Critical Review of Tuberculosis Diagnosis in Children from Papua New Guinea Presenting to Health Facilities in the Torres Strait Islands, Australia.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- Pediatric multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Germany - diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of an "orphan disease".European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- A qualitative exploration of challenges in childhood TB patients identification and diagnosis in Bangladesh.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Challenges of Diagnosing Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Diseases in South Africa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: A Forgotten Disease?Microorganisms · 2023Review
- UMOYA: a prospective longitudinal cohort study to evaluate novel diagnostic tools and to assess long-term impact on lung health in South African children with presumptive pulmonary TB-a study protocol.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Development of a Clinical Prediction Score Including Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio to Inform Tuberculosis Treatment Among Children With HIV: A Multicountry Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The Contribution of Chest Radiography to the Clinical Management of Children Exposed to Tuberculosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Review of Pediatric Tuberculosis in the Aftermath of COVID-19.Clinics and practice · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children remains challenging. A myriad of common childhood diseases can present with similar symptoms and signs, and differentiating between exposure and infection, as well as infection and disease can be problematic. The paucibacillary nature of childhood TB complicates bacteriological confirmation and specimen collection is difficult. In most instances intrathoracic TB remains a clinical diagnosis. TB infection and disease represent a dynamic continuum from TB exposure with/without infection, to subclinical/incipient disease, to non-severe and severe disease. The clinical spectrum of intrathoracic TB in children is broad, and the classification of clinical, radiological, endoscopic, and laboratory findings into recognized clinical syndromes allows a more refined diagnostic approach in order to minimize both under- and over-diagnosis. Bacteriological confirmation can be improved significantly by collecting multiple, high-quality specimens from the most appropriate source. Mycobacterial testing should include traditional smear microscopy and culture, as well as nucleic acid amplification testing. A systematic approach to the child with recent exposure to TB, or with clinical and radiological findings compatible with this diagnosis, should allow pragmatic classification as TB exposure, infection, or disease to facilitate timely and appropriate management. It is important to also assess risk factors for TB disease progression and to undertake follow-up evaluations to monitor treatment response and ongoing evidence supporting a TB, or alternative, diagnosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.