ArticlePneumonia (Nathan Qld.)2016
Burden of pneumococcal disease in adults aged 65 years and older: an Australian perspective.
Article in Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serotype distribution of invasive and non-invasive pneumococcal disease in adults ≥65 years of age following the introduction of 10- and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in infant national immunization programs: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Evidence of maternal transfer of antigen-specific antibodies in serum and breast milk to infants at high-risk ofFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Risk Groups for Vaccine-Preventable Respiratory Infections in Children and Adults: An Overview of the Australian Environment.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of the Pneumococcal Vaccine in the Adult Population: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Article
- A retrospective study of physiotherapy management for patients with pneumonia requiring invasive ventilation in a single-center Australian ICU.Hong Kong physiotherapy journal : official publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu li chih liao · 2022Article
- Trends in utilisation of plain X-rays by older Australians (2010-2019).BMC geriatrics · 2022Article
- Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Factors ofThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2022Article
- Review
- Recent advances in the epidemiology and prevention ofF1000Research · 2020Review
- Influence of Older Age and Other Risk Factors on Pneumonia Hospitalization in Switzerland in the Pneumococcal Vaccine Era.Frontiers in medicine · 2019Article
- Multifaceted Role of Pneumolysin in the Pathogenesis of Myocardial Injury in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Pneumococcal vaccination in older persons: where are we today?Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe burden of pneumococcal disease in adults aged 65 years and older in Australia is not well defined. This retrospective cross-sectional study calculated rates for pneumococcal pneumonia using data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and from the Bettering Evaluation and Care of Health program.
methodsInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence was calculated using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data. Population estimates and pneumonia mortality data were from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Medical costs were derived from Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups and the literature. Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalisations and general practitioner (GP) visits were described and compared with IPD.
resultsFor adults aged ≥65 years, pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalisation incidence was 274 per 100,000 population in 2011-2012. From 2004 to 2012, a mean of 2235 pneumonia hospitalisation deaths were recorded, corresponding to a case fatality rate of 6.1 %. GP visits accounted for the largest portion of healthcare encounters, with an annual average of 455 pneumococcal pneumonia GP visits per 100,000 population from 2008 to 2013. In 2012, IPD incidence was 19 per 100,000 population. The estimated annual costs of treating pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalisations and GP visits were A$55,722,136 and A$1,604,189, respectively. Estimated costs for IPD were A$1,172,986.
conclusionsThe healthcare and economic burden of pneumococcal disease in adults aged ≥65 years in Australia is substantial, with the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia hospitalisation nearly 15-fold higher than for IPD. Despite this, it remains less recognised than other infectious diseases such as influenza.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.