ArticleTobacco control2018
Banning tobacco price promotions, smoking-related beliefs and behaviour: findings from the International Tobacco Control Four Country (ITC 4C) Survey.
Article in Tobacco control, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Understanding the mechanisms of change in social norms around tobacco use: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Causal effects of point-of-sale cigarette promotions and subjective social status on cigarette craving: a randomised within-person experiment.Tobacco control · 2025Trial
- A content analysis of cannabis edible product characteristics, packaging features, and online promotions.Preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Use of tobacco price-minimization strategies among public housing residents compared to U.S. low-income adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- The longitudinal association between coupon receipt and established cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in USA.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- The Short-Term and Long-Term Associations Between Receiving Tobacco Discounts or Coupons and Smoking Cessation Among U.S. Adult Cigarette Smokers With Intention to Quit.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Relapse to problem drinking or trading up to spirits? Using U.S. national cross-sectional survey data to highlight possible negative impacts of potential tobacco retail changes.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Smoking-related psychosocial beliefs and justifications among smokers in India: Findings from Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) India Surveys.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Consumption of JUUL vs. Other E-Cigarette Brands among U.S. E-Cigarette Users: Evidence from Wave 5 of the PATH Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Exposure to Multimedia Tobacco Marketing and Product Use Among Youth: A Longitudinal Analysis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Cross-country comparison of cigarette and vaping product marketing exposure and use: findings from 2016 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- County-level associations between tobacco retailer density and smoking prevalence in the USA, 2012.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- Association between free tobacco product sample receipt and tobacco use in youth and adults in the PATH Study, 2014-2016.Preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Receipt of tobacco direct mail/email discount coupons and trajectories of cigarette smoking behaviours in a nationally representative longitudinal cohort of US adults.Tobacco control · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEcological models emphasise multilevel influences on health behaviours. While studies show that exposure to price promotions is associated with smoking behaviour and its antecedents, less is known about whether these associations differ by macro-level factors such as national price promotion policies.
methodsCurrent and former smokers (
resultsAssociations between exposure to price promotions and smoking-related beliefs and behaviour differed by national price promotion policies. In countries that allow price promotions, participants repeatedly exposed to price promotions at waves 7 and 8 were more likely to associate functional values to smoking (ie, calms down when stressed (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.83) and to be current smokers at wave 8 (AOR 1.94). In countries that ban price promotions, participants repeatedly exposed to price promotions were less likely to hold misconceptions around smoking (ie, harsher smoke is more dangerous).
conclusionsDifferential associations emerged between exposure to price promotions, smoking-related beliefs and behaviour across countries with and without a price promotions ban. Adopting price promotion bans could ameliorate the associations between exposure to price promotions and smoking beliefs and behaviours.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.