ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2017
Proviral Features of Human T Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Carriers with Indeterminate Western Blot Analysis Results.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- TAX gene expression is associated with western blot patterns and high viral loadin HTLV-1 infected individuals.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2025Article
- Role of the CTCF binding site in Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus-1 pathogenesis.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Highly homologous simian T-cell leukemia virus type 1 genome in Japanese macaques: a large cohort study.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Establishment of a novel human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 infection model using cell-free virus.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Seroprevalence of Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Types I/II Among Blood Donors in a Tertiary Hospital in Oman.Oman medical journal · 2024Article
- Evaluation of human T-cell leukemia virus in vitro diagnostics using plasma specimens collected in Japan.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Development and validation of a duplex real-time PCR for the rapid detection and quantitation of HTLV-1.Virology journal · 2023Article
- Human T-lymphotropic virus in Irish blood donors: Impact on future testing strategy.Transfusion · 2022Article
- Clinical and Public Health Implications of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Development and Validation of Multiplex Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assays for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, Using Different PCR Platforms and Reagent Brands.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- A novel high performing multiplex immunoassay Multi-HTLV for serological confirmation and typing of HTLV infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Seroprevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus infection among blood donors in China: a first nationwide survey.Retrovirology · 2021Article
- Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2021Article
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1/2 Infection in Central Brazil Prisons: A Multicenter Study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Deaminase-Independent Mode of Antiretroviral Action in Human and Mouse APOBEC3 Proteins.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Provirus Mutations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus 1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and HTLV-2) in HIV-1-Coinfected Individuals.mSphere · 2020Article
- Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Assay for Rapid and Accurate Confirmatory Diagnosis of HTLV-1/2 Infection.Viruses · 2020Article
- Article
- Molecular detection of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in pregnant women from Maranhão state, Brazil.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2020Article
- Functional properties and sequence variation of HTLV-1 p13.Retrovirology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
33 authors at 15 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Western blotting (WB) for human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is performed to confirm anti-HTLV-1 antibodies detected at the initial screening of blood donors and in pregnant women. However, the frequent occurrence of indeterminate results is a problem with this test. We therefore assessed the cause of indeterminate WB results by analyzing HTLV-1 provirus genomic sequences. A quantitative PCR assay measuring HTLV-1 provirus in WB-indeterminate samples revealed that the median proviral load was approximately 100-fold lower than that of WB-positive samples (0.01 versus 0.71 copy/100 cells). Phylogenic analysis of the complete HTLV-1 genomes of WB-indeterminate samples did not identify any specific phylogenetic groups. When we analyzed the nucleotide changes in 19 HTLV-1 isolates from WB-indeterminate samples, we identified 135 single nucleotide substitutions, composed of four types, G to A (29%), C to T (19%), T to C (19%), and A to G (16%). In the most frequent G-to-A substitution, 64% occurred at GG dinucleotides, indicating that APOBEC3G is responsible for mutagenesis in WB-indeterminate samples. Moreover, interestingly, five WB-indeterminate isolates had nonsense mutations in Pol and/or Tax, Env, p12, and p30. These findings suggest that WB-indeterminate carriers have low production of viral antigens because of a combination of a low proviral load and mutations in the provirus, which may interfere with host recognition of HTLV-1 antigens.
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