SynthesisBMJ open2017
What outcomes are associated with developing and implementing co-produced interventions in acute healthcare settings? A rapid evidence synthesis.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring co-design: a systematic review of concepts, processes, models, and frameworks used in public health research.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- The complexity of leadership in coproduction practices: a guiding framework based on a systematic literature review.BMC health services research · 2024Pooled it
- Co-designing care for multimorbidity: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Measurement and outcomes of co-production in health and social care: a systematic review of empirical studies.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Service user involvement in mental health service commissioning, development and delivery: A systematic review of service level outcomes.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Pooled it
- Consumers' and health providers' views and perceptions of partnering to improve health services design, delivery and evaluation: a co-produced qualitative evidence synthesis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluating the role and effectiveness of co-produced community-based mental health interventions that aim to reduce suicide among adults: A systematic review.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Pooled it
- The use of co-production, co-design and co-creation to mobilise knowledge in the management of health conditions: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2022Pooled it
- Co-Designing Technology for Aging in Place: A Systematic Review.The Gerontologist · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluating health service outcomes of public involvement in health service design in high-income countries: a systematic review.BMC health services research · 2021Pooled it
- Experience-based co-design-Adapting the method for a researcher-initiated study in a multi-site setting.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2020Trial
- Growing CAPITOL 4 Life: A Case Study of Co-designed Material for the First 1000 Days Using a Modified Double Diamond Approach.Maternal and child health journal · 2026Article
- "She just wants to be a normal kid": Adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease and their caregivers' transition from paediatric to adult care.British journal of health psychology · 2026Article
- A Nurse-Led Family Support Intervention for Families Living With Cancer: An Experience-Based Co-Design Study.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Co-Developed Community-Based Health Interventions with Children Under 18 and Families Experiencing Homelessness in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Qualitative Template Analysis to Understand Patient and Practitioner Perspectives on a Psychological Intervention for Fatigue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- The Journey to First-Line Nursing Management: A Qualitative Study in a Spanish University Hospital.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Continuity Is Essential: The Experiences of Co-Design Participants During the Implementation of a New Health Service.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- A Measurement Science Framework to Optimize CDS for Opioid Use Disorder Treatment in the ED.Applied clinical informatics · 2025Article
- Advancing the Care Experience for Patients Receiving Palliative Care as They Transition From Hospital to Home (ACEPATH): Phase 2 of Codesigning an Intervention to Improve Hospital-to-Home Transitions for Patients and Family Caregivers.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCo-production is defined as the voluntary or involuntary involvement of users in the design, management, delivery and/or evaluation of services. Interest in co-production as an intervention for improving healthcare quality is increasing. In the acute healthcare context, co-production is promoted as harnessing the knowledge of patients, carers and staff to make changes about which they care most. However, little is known regarding the impact of co-production on patient, staff or organisational outcomes in these settings.
aimsTo identify and appraise reported outcomes of co-production as an intervention to improve quality of services in acute healthcare settings.
designRapid evidence synthesis. DATA SOURCES: Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, Embase, HMIC, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, SCIE, Proquest Dissertation and Theses, EThOS, OpenGrey; STUDY SELECTION: Studies reporting patient, staff or organisational outcomes associated with using co-production in an acute healthcare setting.
findings712 titles and abstracts were screened; 24 papers underwent full-text review, and 11 papers were included in the evidence synthesis. One study was a feasibility randomised controlled trial, three were process evaluations and seven used descriptive qualitative approaches. Reported outcomes related to (a) the value of patient and staff involvement in co-production processes; (b) the generation of ideas for changes to processes, practices and clinical environments; and (c) tangible service changes and impacts on patient experiences. Only one study included cost analysis; none reported an economic evaluation. No studies assessed the sustainability of any changes made.
conclusionsDespite increasing interest in and advocacy for co-production, there is a lack of rigorous evaluation in acute healthcare settings. Future studies should evaluate clinical and service outcomes as well as the cost-effectiveness of co-production relative to other forms of quality improvement. Potentially broader impacts on the values and behaviours of participants should also be considered.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.