ArticleBMC gastroenterology2017
The prevalence of gastric heterotopia of the proximal esophagus is underestimated, but preneoplasia is rare - correlation with Barrett's esophagus.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05131932 (Ablation of Esophageal Inlet Patches in Patients Referred for pH-Testing Due to Possible Extra-Esophageal Symptoms of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ablation of Esophageal Inlet Patches in Patients Referred for pH-Testing Due to Possible Extra-Esophageal Symptoms of Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of fully circumferential inlet patches (heterotopic gastric mucosa): More complicated than regular inlet patches.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Quality Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: A Joint Position Statement.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Guideline
- Case Report: Successful treatment of mismatch repair-deficient cervical esophageal adenocarcinoma with immune checkpoint inhibition.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Progress in the Application of Single-Cell Sequencing in Neoadjuvant Therapy for Esophageal Cancer.Cureus · 2025Review
- Pediatric Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa of the Cervical Esophagus (Inlet Patch): Case Series with Clinical, Endoscopic, and Histopathological Correlation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary treatment of advanced cervical esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from a gastric inlet patch: A case report.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Adenocarcinoma arising from widespread heterotopic gastric mucosa in the cervicothoracic esophagus: a case report.Surgical case reports · 2023Article
- Cervical Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Arising From Gastric Inlet Patch: A Benign Lesion With Malignant Potential.ACG case reports journal · 2023Article
- Argon Plasma Coagulation of Gastric Inlet Patches of the Cervical Esophagus Relieves Vocal and Respiratory Symptoms in Selected Patients.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Observational
- Article
- Not Every Dyspepsia Is Related toChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Recurrent esophageal adenocarcinoma derived from ectopic gastric mucosa: A case report.Thoracic cancer · 2022Article
- Submucosal gastric heterotopia presenting as an upper esophageal nodule.Journal of surgical case reports · 2021Article
- An Uncommon Cause of Esophageal Dysphagia and Food Impaction.Dysphagia · 2021Article
- Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Endoscopic Procedures in Two European Large-Capacity Endoscopy Units: "Keep Calm, Keep Safe and Scope on?"Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Isolated oesophageal adenocarcinoma metastasis at percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) site.BMJ case reports · 2020Article
- Pancreatic adenocarcinoma with early esophageal metastasis: A case report and review of literature.World journal of clinical oncology · 2020Article
- Inherited CDH1 pathogenic variant: is there a place for surveillance of esophageal gastric inlet patch?Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2020Article
- Issues and controversies in esophageal inlet patch.World journal of gastroenterology · 2019Review
- A 14-Year Study of 398 Esophageal Adenocarcinomas Diagnosed Among 156,256 EGDs Performed at Two Large Hospitals: An Inlet Patch Is Proposed as a Significant Risk Factor for Proximal Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe previously reported prevalence of gastric heterotopia in the cervical esophagus, also termed inlet patch (IP), varies substantially, ranging from 0.18 to 14%. Regarding cases with adenocarcinoma within IP, some experts recommend to routinely obtain biopsies from IP for histopathology. Another concern is the reported relation to Barrett's esophagus. The objectives of the study were to prospectively determine the prevalence of IP and of preneoplasia within IP, and to investigate the association between IP and Barrett's esophagus.
methods372 consecutive patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy were carefully searched for the presence of IP. Biopsies for histopathology were targeted to the IP, columnar metaplasia of the lower esophagus, gastric corpus and antrum. Different definitions of Barrett's esophagus were tested for an association with IP.
resultsAt least one IP was endoscopically identified in 53 patients (14.5%). Histopathology, performed in 46 patients, confirmed columnar epithelium in 87% of cases, which essentially presented corpus and/or cardia-type mucosa. Intestinal metaplasia was detected in two cases, but no neoplasia. A previously reported association of IP with Barrett's esophagus was weak, statistically significant only when short segments of cardia-type mucosa of the lower esophagus were included in the definition of Barrett's esophagus.
conclusionsThe prevalence of IP seems to be underestimated, but preneoplasia within IP is rare, which does not support the recommendation to regularly obtain biopsies for histopathology. Biopsies should be targeted to any irregularities within the heterotopic mucosa. The correlation of IP with Barrett's esophagus hints to a partly common pathogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.