ArticlePLoS biology2017
Hierarchical patterning modes orchestrate hair follicle morphogenesis.
Article in PLoS biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterisation of human hair follicle development.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- Whole-Genome Resequencing Reveals Selection Signatures Associated With Lambskin Patterns in Hu Sheep.Animal genetics · 2026Article
- Sharp cell type boundaries emerge from coordinated morphogen signaling.Genes & development · 2026Article
- Fundamental limits on symmetry breaking by Turing-like activator-inhibitor mechanisms.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Mechanical interactions dynamically influence rosette morphogenesis in the migrating zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Fast Numerical Solvers for Parameter Identification Problems in Mathematical Biology.Journal of scientific computing · 2026Article
- Autocrine ECM molecules establish MSC quiescence during incisor development by disrupting WNT ligand trafficking process.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Meis2 controls whisker development independently from trigeminal sensory innervation.eLife · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes Therapy for Acquired Trichorrhexis Nodosa: A Case Series.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Hydrocortisone treatment as a tool to study conjunctival placode induction.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Article
- The empowering influence of air-liquid interface culture on skin organoid hair follicle development.Burns & trauma · 2025Article
- Inferring pattern-driving intercellular flows from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics.Nature methods · 2024Article
- Widespread biochemical reaction networks enable Turing patterns without imposed feedback.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The development of hair follicles and nail.Developmental biology · 2024Review
- Mechanical state transitions in the regulation of tissue form and function.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Unraveling biochemical spatial patterns: Machine learning approaches to the inverse problem of stationary Turing patterns.iScience · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Twist2 contributes to skin regeneration and hair follicle formation in mouse fetuses.Scientific reports · 2024Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Two theories address the origin of repeating patterns, such as hair follicles, limb digits, and intestinal villi, during development. The Turing reaction-diffusion system posits that interacting diffusible signals produced by static cells first define a prepattern that then induces cell rearrangements to produce an anatomical structure. The second theory, that of mesenchymal self-organisation, proposes that mobile cells can form periodic patterns of cell aggregates directly, without reference to any prepattern. Early hair follicle development is characterised by the rapid appearance of periodic arrangements of altered gene expression in the epidermis and prominent clustering of the adjacent dermal mesenchymal cells. We assess the contributions and interplay between reaction-diffusion and mesenchymal self-organisation processes in hair follicle patterning, identifying a network of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), wingless-related integration site (WNT), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling interactions capable of spontaneously producing a periodic pattern. Using time-lapse imaging, we find that mesenchymal cell condensation at hair follicles is locally directed by an epidermal prepattern. However, imposing this prepattern's condition of high FGF and low BMP activity across the entire skin reveals a latent dermal capacity to undergo spatially patterned self-organisation in the absence of epithelial direction. This mesenchymal self-organisation relies on restricted transforming growth factor (TGF) β signalling, which serves to drive chemotactic mesenchymal patterning when reaction-diffusion patterning is suppressed, but, in normal conditions, facilitates cell movement to locally prepatterned sources of FGF. This work illustrates a hierarchy of periodic patterning modes operating in organogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.