ArticlePain2017
Fully implantable, battery-free wireless optoelectronic devices for spinal optogenetics.
Article in Pain, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 113 citations in OpenAlex.
- Local control of Cre-regulated genetic modeling in vivo using wireless implantable optoelectronics.Science advances · 2026Article
- Crosstalk-free optical indicator-actuator combinations for bidirectional optogenetics.npj biomedical innovations · 2026Review
- Wireless, Adaptable and Fully Implantable Battery-powered Devices for Optical Stimulation of the Spinal Cord in Small Rodents.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A HO-1 gene knockout using a NanoCRISPR scaffold suppresses metastasis in mouse models.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Soft, Flexible, and Stretchable Platforms for Tissue-Interfaced Bioelectronics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Laser Micromachining for Bioelectronics: Past, Present, and Future.Small methods · 2026Review
- Fetal rat neural progenitor cell transplantation after spinal cord injury improves motor recovery following optogenetic stimulation.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)-Expressing Neurons in the External Lateral Parabrachial Area Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Ablation of VEGFA following a lumbar intervertebral disc injury attenuates intradiscal neurovascular features and prevents chronic low back pain symptoms.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- 3D-printed optogenetic neural probe integrated with microfluidic tube for opsin/drug delivery.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Wireless, battery-free, remote photoactivation of caged-morphine for photopharmacological pain modulation without side effects.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2025Article
- Optogenetic modulation of peripheral nociceptive neurons with biocompatible optoelectronic implants.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Design considerations for optogenetic applications of soft micro-LED-based device systems across diverse nervous systems.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Chronic, Battery-Free, Fully Implantable Multimodal Spinal Cord Stimulator for Pain Modulation in Small Animal Models.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Identifying the Brain Circuits that Regulate Pain-Induced Sleep Disturbances.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Towards translational optogenetics.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Review
- Wireless and battery-free technologies for neuroengineering.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Review
- Intravital imaging to study cancer progression and metastasis.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2023Review
- Spinal neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor-expressing neurons are a pharmacotherapeutic target for the alleviation of neuropathic pain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Improved Locomotor Recovery in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury by BioLuminescent-OptoGenetic (BL-OG) Stimulation with an Enhanced Luminopsin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The advent of optogenetic tools has allowed unprecedented insights into the organization of neuronal networks. Although recently developed technologies have enabled implementation of optogenetics for studies of brain function in freely moving, untethered animals, wireless powering and device durability pose challenges in studies of spinal cord circuits where dynamic, multidimensional motions against hard and soft surrounding tissues can lead to device degradation. We demonstrate here a fully implantable optoelectronic device powered by near-field wireless communication technology, with a thin and flexible open architecture that provides excellent mechanical durability, robust sealing against biofluid penetration and fidelity in wireless activation, thereby allowing for long-term optical stimulation of the spinal cord without constraint on the natural behaviors of the animals. The system consists of a double-layer, rectangular-shaped magnetic coil antenna connected to a microscale inorganic light-emitting diode (μ-ILED) on a thin, flexible probe that can be implanted just above the dura of the mouse spinal cord for effective stimulation of light-sensitive proteins expressed in neurons in the dorsal horn. Wireless optogenetic activation of TRPV1-ChR2 afferents with spinal μ-ILEDs causes nocifensive behaviors and robust real-time place aversion with sustained operation in animals over periods of several weeks to months. The relatively low-cost electronics required for control of the systems, together with the biocompatibility and robust operation of these devices will allow broad application of optogenetics in future studies of spinal circuits, as well as various peripheral targets, in awake, freely moving and untethered animals, where existing approaches have limited utility.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.