ArticlePsychopharmacology2017
Serum galectin-3, but not galectin-1, levels are elevated in schizophrenia: implications for the role of inflammation.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Galectin-3 and IL-6 as Inflammatory Markers in Bipolar Disorder: Insights from Manic and Euthymic Episodes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- A comparison of asymmetric dimethylarginine, arginine, galectin-3, and echocardiographic data with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- Serum Galectin-1, Galectin-9, and YKL-40 levels in bipolar disorder and their relationship with cognitive functions.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Higher Levels of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Young Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorder Compared to Unaffected Siblings and Healthy Controls.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Elevated Serum Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Levels in Children With Specific Learning Disorder: A Case Control Study.Psychiatry investigation · 2023Article
- Construction of a Diagnostic Model and a lncRNA-Associated ceRNA Network Based on Apoptosis-Related Genes for Schizophrenia.Behavioural neurology · 2023Article
- Galectin-3 levels in school aged children with autism spectrum disorder.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2023Article
- Galectin-3 mediated risk of inflammation in stable schizophrenia, with only possible secondary consequences for cognition.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Article
- Galectin-3 in Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation: Implications for Central Nervous System Diseases.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Galectins - Important players of the immune response to CNS parasitic infection.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Review
- Galectins and Their Ligand Glycoconjugates in the Central Nervous System Under Physiological and Pathological Conditions.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2021Review
- Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 Levels in Patients with Schizophrenia and their Unaffected Siblings.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2020Article
- Serum galectin-3 levels are decreased in schizophrenia.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2020Article
- Galectin-3: Roles in Neurodevelopment, Neuroinflammation, and Behavior.Biomolecules · 2020Review
- Serum Galectin-3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2020Article
- Glycosylation and glycan interactions can serve as extracellular machinery facilitating clathrin-independent endocytosis.Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2019Review
- Clinical Relevance of Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Differential Regulation and Correlation With Disease Activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- IL-33/ST2 Pathway and Galectin-3 as a New Analytes in Pathogenesis and Cardiometabolic Risk Evaluation in Psychosis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies have reported that galectin-3 is involved in inflammatory processes in the central nervous system and that neuroinflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, the link between schizophrenia and various galectins is unclear.
objectiveThe objective of the present study is to determine whether galectin, a well-known lectin protein that binds to μ-galactoside, is associated with chronic schizophrenia.
methodsThirty-six patients with schizophrenia and 36 healthy controls participated in this study. Schizophrenia symptoms were assessed using the Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale (BPRS). Serum galectin-1 and galectin-3 levels were evaluated using ELISA and compared between the participant groups. Correlation analyses were also performed to examine the relationship between BPRS scores and each galectin level.
resultsSerum galectin-3 levels were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than they were in controls (p = 0.009, d = 0.640); however, serum galectin-1 levels were not significantly different between the groups (p = 0.513). No significant correlation was identified between serum galectin-3 level and the total BPRS score; however, a significant positive correlation was found between the serum galectin-3 level and the positive symptom score of the BPRS (ρ = 0.355; p = 0.033). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was identified between serum galectin-3 levels and the negative symptom score of the BPRS (ρ = -0.387; p = 0.020).
conclusionsGiven the high serum levels of galectin-3 found in patients with schizophrenia compared with that in controls, these findings may support the inflammation hypothesis of schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.