ArticleNutrients2017
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Citric Acid-Treated Wheat Germ Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages.
Article in Nutrients, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimizing Wheat Milling By-Products: An Overview of Processing Techniques.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- PFOA induced metabolic and immune perturbations in a SARS-2 infection model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Preparation and characterization of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, glycyrrhizin, vitamin-D3, and citric acid-loaded mucoadhesive pectin microparticles for the management of dental caries.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Article
- The Characterization and Identification of Cyperus Protein: An In Vitro Study on Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential.Nutrients · 2025Article
- [Mechanism of 2,6-DMBQ attenuates airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice via the mTOR signaling pathway].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2025Article
- Ipomoea carnea mitigates ethanol-induced ulcers in irradiated rats via Nrf2/HOScientific reports · 2024Article
- Citric Acid Promotes Immune Function by Modulating the Intestinal Barrier.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- An Insight into Wheat Germ Oil Nutrition, Identification of Its Bioactive Constituents and Computer-Aided Multidimensional Data Analysis of Its Potential Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Molecular Connections.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Extraction, bioactive function and application of wheat germ protein/peptides: A review.Current research in food science · 2023Review
- Wu-Mei-Wan Ameliorates Murine Ulcerative Colitis by Regulating Macrophage Polarization.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Of mitochondrion and COVID-19.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2021Review
- Ameliorative Effects of Oleuropein on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Model in Rats.Inflammation · 2021Article
- Treadmill exercise ameliorates impairment of spatial learning memory in pups born to old and obese mother rats.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2021Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Two Hyaluronic Acid Gel Products for the Treatment of Interdental Papillary Defects.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2020Article
- Effect of wheat germ on metabolic markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Food science and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Inhibitory Effect of 1,5-Dimethyl Citrate from Sea Buckthorn (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Beneficial Effect of a Fermented Wheat Germ Extract in Intestinal Epithelial Cells in case of Lipopolysaccharide-Evoked Inflammation.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
- Enzyme Treatment Alters the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Water Extract of Wheat Germ In Vitro and In Vivo.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Artesunate exerts protective effects against ulcerative colitis via suppressing Toll‑like receptor 4 and its downstream nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathways.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Article
- 1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) Ameliorates Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Mice by Affecting NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Until recently, fermentation was the only processing used to improve the functionality of wheat germ. The release of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) from hydroquinone glycosides during the fermentation process is considered a marker of quality control. Here, we treated wheat germ extract with citric acid (CWG) to release DMBQ and examined the anti-inflammatory activity of this extract using a lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophage model. Treatment of wheat germ with citric acid resulted in detectable release of DMBQ but reduced total phenolic and total flavonoid contents compared with untreated wheat germ extract (UWG). CWG inhibited secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12 and the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2, while UWG only decreased IL-12 production. CWG and UWG induced high levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and heme oxygenase-1. CWG specifically inhibited phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and p38 kinase at 15 min after LPS stimulation. Our study showed that citric acid treatment enhanced the anti-inflammatory activity of wheat germ extract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.