ArticleCognitive neuroscience2017
Projectors, associators, visual imagery, and the time course of visual processing in grapheme-color synesthesia.
Article in Cognitive neuroscience, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vividness of mental imagery reflects a broad range of internally generated visual experiences.Royal Society open science · 2026Article
- Colored tones of emotions: the relationship between music, emotions and color.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Face-Processing Differences Present in Grapheme-Color Synesthetes.Cognitive science · 2022Article
- Assessing Lateral Interaction in the Synesthetic Visual Brain.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Looking for effects of qualia on event-related brain potentials of close others in search for a cause of the similarity of qualia assumed across individuals.F1000Research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In grapheme-color synesthesia, seeing particular letters or numbers evokes the experience of specific colors. We investigate the brain's real-time processing of words in this population by recording event-related brain potentials (ERPs) from 15 grapheme-color synesthetes and 15 controls as they judged the validity of word pairs ('yellow banana' vs. 'blue banana') presented under high and low visual contrast. Low contrast words elicited delayed P1/N170 visual ERP components in both groups, relative to high contrast. When color concepts were conveyed to synesthetes by individually tailored achromatic grapheme strings ('55555 banana'), visual contrast effects were like those in color words: P1/N170 components were delayed but unchanged in amplitude. When controls saw equivalent colored grapheme strings, visual contrast modulated P1/N170 amplitude but not latency. Color induction in synesthetes thus differs from color perception in controls. Independent from experimental effects, all orthographic stimuli elicited larger N170 and P2 in synesthetes than controls. While P2 (150-250ms) enhancement was similar in all synesthetes, N170 (130-210ms) amplitude varied with individual differences in synesthesia and visual imagery. Results suggest immediate cross-activation in visual areas processing color and shape is most pronounced in so-called projector synesthetes whose concurrent colors are experienced as originating in external space.
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