ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2017
Acetylcholine-producing NK cells attenuate CNS inflammation via modulation of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Harnessing Natural Killer Cells: From Neuroimmunology to Novel Therapies for Central Nervous System Diseases.MedComm · 2026Review
- Unconventional functions of natural killer cells in homeostasis and disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Hematopoietic monoamine oxidase A deficiency exacerbates neuroinflammation and demyelination in female but not male mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitters as regulators of autoimmunity: mechanisms and translational targeting.NPJ autoimmunity · 2026Review
- The role of acetylcholine and its receptors in tumor immune regulation: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Autonomic modulation of the immune response and implications for CNS malignancies.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Research progress in myocardial function and diseases related to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- B cells modulate lung antiviral inflammatory responses via the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Antibiotic Cocktail Exacerbates Esomeprazole-Induced Intestinal Dysmotility While Ameliorating Gastric Dyspepsia in Mice.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Contemporary insights into neuroimmune interactions across development and aging.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Harnessing monocyte dynamics for treatment of multiple sclerosis; insights from experimental model studies.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
- Natural killer cells in multiple sclerosis: foe or friends?Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Review
- Choline in immunity: a key regulator of immune cell activation and function.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting the muscarinic M1 receptor with a selective, brain-penetrant antagonist to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Cholinergic macrophages promote the resolution of peritoneal inflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The role of CD56Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Innate lymphoid cells in neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Natural killer cells in the central nervous system.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- Natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells 1 tune anxiety-like behavior and memory in mice via interferon-γ and acetylcholine.Nature communications · 2023Article
- α7- and α9-Containing Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in the Functioning of Immune System and in Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The nonneural cholinergic system of immune cells is pivotal for the maintenance of immunological homeostasis. Here we demonstrate the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and cholinergic enzymes in murine natural killer (NK) cells. The capacity for acetylcholine synthesis by NK cells increased markedly under inflammatory conditions such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), in which ChAT expression escalated along with the maturation of NK cells. ChAT
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.