ArticleThe American journal of gastroenterology2017
No Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Alzheimer's Disease.
Article in The American journal of gastroenterology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Risk of Dementia: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Pooled it
- No association between acid suppressant use and risk of dementia: an updated meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Proton pump inhibitors use and dementia risk: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Proton Pump Inhibitors Versus H2 Blockers and the Risk of Incident Dementia in Adults Younger Than 65.Cureus · 2026Article
- Inconsistency in the Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Dementia Risk: An Updated Meta-Analysis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Causal relationship between proton pump inhibitors and dementia risk: evidence from a Mendelian randomization study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Longitudinal associations between medication use and phenotypic aging: insights from the Baltimore longitudinal study of aging.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Observational
- The impact of proton pump inhibitors on brain health based on cross-sectional findings from the Rhineland Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Medication Exposure and Risk of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Association between proton pump inhibitors and dementia risk: a Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and dementia: A nationwide population-based study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cognitive Health: Review on Unraveling the Dementia Connection and Co-morbid Risks.Current Alzheimer research · 2024Review
- Cumulative Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Risk of Dementia: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Time-Varying Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Real-World Analysis from Germany.Drugs & aging · 2023Article
- Potential risk of proton pump inhibitors for Parkinson's disease: A nationwide nested case-control study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Proton pump inhibitors and dementia: what association?Dementia & neuropsychologia · 2023Review
- Regular proton pump inhibitor use and incident dementia: population-based cohort study.BMC medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe objective of the study was to investigate whether proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is associated with an increased risk of clinically verified Alzheimer's disease (AD).
methodsA Finnish nationwide nested case-control study MEDALZ includes all community-dwelling individuals with newly diagnosed AD during 2005-2011 (N=70,718), and up to four age-, sex-, and region of residence-matched comparison individuals for each case (N=282,858). Data were extracted from Finnish nationwide health-care registers. PPI use was derived from purchases recorded in the Prescription register data since 1995 and modeled to drug use periods with PRE2DUP method. AD was the outcome measure.
resultsPPI use was not associated with risk of AD with 3-year lag window applied between exposure and outcome (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.05). Similarly, longer duration of use was not associated with risk of AD (1-3 years of use, adjusted OR 1.01 (95% CI 0.97-1.06); ≥3 years of use adjusted OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.94-1.04)). Higher dose use was not associated with an increased risk (≥1.5 defined daily doses per day, adjusted OR 1.03 (95% CI 0.92-1.14)).
conclusionsIn conclusion, we found no clinically meaningful association between PPI use and risk of AD. The results for longer duration of cumulative use or use with higher doses did not indicate dose-response relationship.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.