ArticleMolecular imaging and biology2018
Increased Expression of Translocator Protein (TSPO) Marks Pro-inflammatory Microglia but Does Not Predict Neurodegeneration.
Article in Molecular imaging and biology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- Multimodal approach to identify neuropsychophysiological subgroups in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and their relevance for rehabilitation: protocol for a mechanistic cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Microglial Activation Visualized by [European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of TSPO expression in marmoset EAE.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Shifts in the spatiotemporal profile of inflammatory phenotypes of innate immune cells in the rat brain following acute intoxication with the organophosphate diisopropylfluorophosphate.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Convergence of endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and glucocorticoid resistance in depression-related cardiovascular diseases.BMC immunology · 2024Review
- More than microglia: myeloid cells and biomarkers in neurodegeneration.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Prenatal infection and adolescent social adversity affect microglia, synaptic density, and behavior in male rats.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Article
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- HBO treatment enhances motor function and modulates pain development after sciatic nerve injury via protection the mitochondrial function.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- The Heterogeneous Multiple Sclerosis Lesion: How Can We Assess and Modify a Degenerating Lesion?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- TSPO acts as an immune resistance gene involved in the T cell mediated immune control of glioblastoma.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Article
- Imaging the Influence of Red Blood Cell Docosahexaenoic Acid Status on the Expression of the 18 kDa Translocator Protein in the Brain: A [Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Article
- An emerging role for microglia in stress-effects on memory.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Review
- Characterization of neuroinflammatory positron emission tomography biomarkers in chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Brain communications · 2022Article
- From positron emission tomography to cell analysis of the 18-kDa Translocator Protein in mild traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Cellular sources of TSPO expression in healthy and diseased brain.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Review
- Contribution of TSPO imaging in the understanding of the state of gliosis in substance use disorders.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeActivation of the innate immune system plays a significant role in pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). In order to follow disease progression and evaluate effectiveness of potential treatments involved in neuroinflammation, it is important to track neuroinflammatory markers in vivo longitudinally. The translocator protein (TSPO) is used as a target to image neuroinflammation as its expression is upregulated in reactive glial cells during CNS pathologies. However, it remains unclear in which microglial phenotypes TSPO levels are upregulated, as microglia can display a plethora of activation states that can be protective or detrimental to the CNS. PROCEDURES: We assessed the levels of TSPO transcripts in cultured microglia that were polarized into pro- and anti-inflammatory states in vitro and in the brain of mice in which an anti-inflammatory environment was induced in vivo. In addition, we used a mouse model of peroxisomal multifunctional protein-2 (MFP2) deficiency that exhibits widespread neuroinflammation despite no neuronal loss and monitored TSPO expression by immunohistochemistry and by imaging using the TSPO radiotracer [
resultsTSPO expression was selectively increased in so-called classically activated or M1 microglia but not in alternatively activated or M2 microglia in vitro. In agreement, TSPO transcript levels were not induced in an anti-inflammatory brain environment. We found that both transcript and protein levels of TSPO are significantly increased in the brain of Mfp2
conclusionsWe show that induced TSPO expression marks a pro-inflammatory brain environment that is not necessarily accompanied by neuronal loss.
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Registered trials
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