ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2017
CXCL11 production in cerebrospinal fluid distinguishes herpes simplex meningitis from herpes simplex encephalitis.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- HSV-1 infections of the prefrontal cortex: regional vulnerability, cellular mechanisms, and neurocognitive consequences.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Herpesvirus-host interactions in neurological diseases: the immunogenetic role of HLA-E.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Herpesvirus-associated diseases: biomarkers and advancements in clinical research.Virology journal · 2025Review
- Clinical and pathological risk factors for postencephalitic epilepsy after herpes simplex virus-1 encephalitis in children.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Western diet-induced visceral adipose tissue inflammation promotes Alzheimer's disease pathology via microglial activation in a mouse model.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Blood-based inflammatory protein biomarker panel for the prediction of relapse and severity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A prospective cohort study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics in meningitis patients with reactivated varicella zoster virus.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Review
- Herpesvirus-Associated Encephalitis: an Update.Current tropical medicine reports · 2022Review
- Article
- Following the Clues: Usefulness of Biomarkers of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in the Investigation of HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy Progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Neuroinflammation and Its Impact on the Pathogenesis of COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Network Pharmacology-Based Systematic Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms ofEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Serum and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain in patients with central nervous system infections caused by varicella-zoster virus.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Review
- Chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central nervous system complications caused by varicella-zoster virus.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Increased level of compleasomes in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with herpes simplex encephalitis.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Article
- High neopterin and IP-10 levels in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with neurotoxic tryptophan metabolites in acute central nervous system infections.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2018Article
- Advances in Biomarker-Guided Therapy for Pediatric- and Adult-Onset Neuroinflammatory Disorders: Targeting Chemokines/Cytokines.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe closely related herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 can cause inflammations of the central nervous system (CNS), where type 1 most often manifest as encephalitis (HSE), and type 2 as meningitis (HSM). HSE is associated with severe neurological complications, while HSM is benign in adults. We proposed that studying the chemokine and cytokine production in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum could indicate why two closely related viruses exhibit different severity of their accompanied CNS inflammation.
methodsSecretion patterns of 30 chemokines and 10 cytokines in CSF of adult patients with acute HSE (n = 14) and HSM (n = 20) in the initial stage of disease were analyzed and compared to control subjects without viral central nervous system infections and to levels in serum.
resultsMost measured chemokines and cytokines increased in CSF of HSE and HSM patients. Overall, the CSF chemokine levels were higher in CSF of HSM patients compared to HSE patients. However, only five chemokines reached levels in the CSF that exceeded those in serum facilitating a positive CSF-serum chemokine gradient. Of these, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were present at high levels both in HSE and HSM whereas CXCL11 and CCL8 were present in HSM alone. Several chemokines were also elevated in serum of HSE patients but only one in HSM patients. No chemokine in- or efflux between CSF and serum was indicated as the levels of chemokines in CSF and serum did not correlate.
conclusionsWe show that HSM is associated with a stronger and more diverse inflammatory response in the CNS compared to HSE in the initial stage of disease. The chemokine patterns were distinguished by the exclusive local CNS production of CXCL11 and CCL8 in HSM. Inflammation in HSM appears to be restricted to the CNS whereas HSE also was associated with systemic inflammation.
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