ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2018
Prereader to beginning reader: changes induced by reading acquisition in print and speech brain networks.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- A meta-analysis of letter-sound integration: Assimilation and accommodation in the superior temporal gyrus.Human brain mapping · 2024Pooled it
- Reading intervention and neuroplasticity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of brain changes associated with reading intervention.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Functional Connectivity Fingerprints of Emerging Reading Skill in the First Months of Schooling.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Developmental changes in phonological awareness in Chinese-English bilingual children: An fNIRS longitudinal study.NeuroImage · 2025Article
- Individual variation in the functional lateralization of human ventral temporal cortex: Local competition and long-range coupling.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Individual variation in the functional lateralization of human ventral temporal cortex: Local competition and long-range coupling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Bilateral Word Selectivity Gradients in the Visual Word Form System in Skilled Deaf Readers.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Functional brain activations correlated with association strength and prediction error during novel symbol-speech sound learning.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Neural underpinnings of sentence reading in deaf, native sign language users.Brain and language · 2024Article
- Neural substrates of L2-L1 transfer effects on phonological awareness in young Chinese-English bilingual children.NeuroImage · 2024Article
- Greater neural pattern similarity to the native language is associated with better novel word learning.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Phonological and morphological literacy skills in English and Chinese: A cross-linguistic neuroimaging comparison of Chinese-English bilingual and monolingual English children.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Lexical and sublexical cortical tuning for print revealed by Steady-State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) in early readers.Developmental science · 2023Article
- A sculpting effect of reading on later representational quality of phonology revealed by multi-voxel pattern analysis in young children.Brain and language · 2023Article
- Beyond the Visual Word Form Area - a cognitive characterization of the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- How Does Literacy Affect Speech Processing? Not by Enhancing Cortical Responses to Speech, But by Promoting Connectivity of Acoustic-Phonetic and Graphomotor Cortices.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Longitudinal changes in cortical responses to letter-speech sound stimuli in 8-11 year-old children.NPJ science of learning · 2022Article
- Brain Source Correlates of Speech Perception and Reading Processes in Children With and Without Reading Difficulties.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Structural gray matter features and behavioral preliterate skills predict future literacy - A machine learning approach.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Theory-driven classification of reading difficulties from fMRI data using Bayesian latent-mixture models.NeuroImage · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLiteracy acquisition is a demanding process that induces significant changes in the brain, especially in the spoken and written language networks. Nevertheless, large-scale paediatric fMRI studies are still limited.
methodsWe analyzed fMRI data to show how individual differences in reading performance correlate with brain activation for speech and print in 111 children attending kindergarten or first grade and examined group differences between a matched subset of emergent-readers and prereaders.
resultsAcross the entire cohort, individual differences analysis revealed that reading skill was positively correlated with the magnitude of activation difference between words and symbol strings in left superior temporal, inferior frontal and fusiform gyri. Group comparisons of the matched subset of pre- and emergent-readers showed higher activity for emergent-readers in left inferior frontal, precentral, and postcentral gyri. Individual differences in activation for natural versus vocoded speech were also positively correlated with reading skill, primarily in the left temporal cortex. However, in contrast to studies on adult illiterates, group comparisons revealed higher activity in prereaders compared to readers in the frontal lobes. Print-speech coactivation was observed only in readers and individual differences analyses revealed a positive correlation between convergence and reading skill in the left superior temporal sulcus.
conclusionsThese results emphasise that a child's brain undergoes several modifications to both visual and oral language systems in the process of learning to read. They also suggest that print-speech convergence is a hallmark of acquiring literacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.