ReviewCureus2017
Role of Sex Hormone Levels and Psychological Stress in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases.
Review in Cureus, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy complications and autoimmune diseases in women: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Psychological and Environmental Stress on Micronutrient Concentrations in the Body: A Review of the Evidence.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Pooled it
- HPA/HPG axes dysfunction: assessing the interrelations between diminished ovarian reserve and mental health.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Review
- Depression, antidepressant use, and breast cancer incidence in the Sister Study cohort.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- The serum evaluation of sex hormones including DHEAs, DHT, testosterone in oral lichen planus patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Chronic stress elicits sex-specific mitochondrial respiratory functional changes in the rat heart.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Epidemiological Analysis of Antinuclear Antibodies Positivity and Pattern Distribution in a Taiwanese Hospital-Based Cohort.British journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Prenatal maternal salivary hormones and timing of tooth eruption in early childhood: a prospective birth cohort study.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Article
- Psychosocial Stress and MicroRNA Expression Profiles in Myometrial Tissue of Women Undergoing Surgical Treatment for Uterine Fibroids.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2024Article
- T Cell-Induced Colitis Is Exacerbated by Prolonged Stress: A Comparison in Male and Female Mice.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Oral mucosal diseases and psychosocial factors: progress in related neurobiological mechanisms.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Review
- Maternal steroids during pregnancy and their associations with exposure to lifetime stressful life events, prenatal stress appraisal and psychological functioning.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Identification and Clinical Correlation Analysis of IFI44 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Combined with Bioinformatics and Immune Infiltration Analysis.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Decreased PPARgamma in the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis due to neonatal injury contributes to incision-induced mechanical allodynia in female rats.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effect of Restraint Stress on Pain Sensitivity, Spinal Trigeminal Nucleus Neurons, and Astrocytes in the Masseter Area of Rats.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Comparison of the sex hormones' serum level in women with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and healthy population: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2021Article
- Cross-Talk between Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Provoked Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Noncoding RNA Expression in the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of SLE.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Molecular and Cellular Bases of Immunosenescence, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Complications Mimicking "Inflammaging" in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Stress, pseudoallergens, autoimmunity, infection and inflammation in chronic spontaneous urticaria.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this review article is to assess the connection between psychological stress and sex hormones and their effect on the development of autoimmune diseases. Psychological stress describes what people feel when they are under mental, physical, or emotional pressure. We searched for online articles using MEDLINE®, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Our research yielded a total of 165 articles out of which 30 articles were considered for further perusal. The articles were reviewed from February 2016 to February 2017. Case reports and patients suffering from hematolymphoid malignancies and active infections were excluded from the review. Estrogen and testosterone are potential physiological regulatory factors for the peripheral development of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Stress at any age leads to the depletion of estrogen and testosterone stores in the body, leading to the loss of expansion of T regulatory cells, making the immature B cells evade the negative selection at the germinal center, or in other words, leading to the loss of central tolerance, a triggering event in autoimmune diseases like systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmune diseases in women are most likely due to changes in estrogen levels during mental, physical, pre-menopausal, post-menopausal, and pregnancy-induced stress. We conclude that modulating estrogen in females (pre-menopausal and post-menopausal) and testosterone in males can be used to treat stress-related immune imbalance resulting in autoimmune diseases in both sexes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.