ReviewFrontiers in immunology2017
Impact of Early-Life Exposures to Infections, Antibiotics, and Vaccines on Perinatal and Long-term Health and Disease.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of vitamin D administration on sepsis score and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis: a randomized controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2026Trial
- Early-onset neonatal sepsis and neonatal antibiotic exposure in Hungary a nationwide population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- High CRP and white blood cell counts are not reliable indicators of early-onset neonatal infection in full-term infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Human intestinal microbiome: Role in health and disease.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2024Review
- Association of perinatal characteristics with biomarkers of stress and inflammation in young adults: An exploratory study.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Predictive Role of NLR, dNLR, PLR, NLPR, and Other Laboratory Markers in Diagnosing SIRS in Premature Newborns.Clinics and practice · 2024Article
- An Overview of the Obese-Asthma Phenotype in Children.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Reduction of unnecessary antibiotic days in a level IV neonatal intensive care unit.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2022Article
- Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at 18-24 Months of Corrected Age in Very Low Birth Weight Infants with Late-onset Sepsis.Journal of Korean medical science · 2021Article
- Impact of postnatal age on neonatal intensive care unit bloodstream infection reporting.American journal of infection control · 2021Article
- Immunomodulation by the Commensal Microbiome During Immune-Targeted Interventions: Focus on Cancer Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy and Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Multiple Organ Failure Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Child with Down Syndrome: Is Trisomy 21 Associated with an Unfavourable Clinical Course?Case reports in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Understanding the Elements of Maternal Protection from Systemic Bacterial Infections during Early Life.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Intestinal Microbiota in Early Life and Its Implications on Childhood Health.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2019Review
- Young mice expel the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta and are protected from colitis by triggering a memory response with worm antigen.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2018Article
- Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression in Neonates.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2018Review
- Prevention of influenza-related illness in young infants by maternal vaccination during pregnancy.F1000Research · 2018Review
- Neutrophil chemotaxis and transcriptomics in term and preterm neonates.Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Essentially, all neonates are exposed to infections, antibiotics, or vaccines early in their lives. This is especially true for those neonates born underweight or premature. In contrast to septic adults and children who are at an increased risk for subsequent infections, exposure to infection during the neonatal period is not associated with an increased risk of subsequent infection and may be paradoxically associated with reductions in late-onset sepsis (LOS) in the most premature infants. Perinatal inflammation is also associated with a decreased incidence of asthma and atopy later in life. Conversely, septic neonates are at increased risk of impaired long-term neurodevelopment. While the positive effects of antibiotics in the setting of infection are irrefutable, prolonged administration of broad-spectrum, empiric antibiotics in neonates without documented infection is associated with increased risk of LOS, necrotizing enterocolitis, or death. Vaccines provide a unique opportunity to prevent infection-associated disease; unfortunately, vaccinations have been largely unsuccessful when administered in the first month of life with the exception of vaccines against hepatitis B and tuberculosis. Future vaccines will require the use of novel adjuvants to overcome this challenge. This review describes the influence of infections, antibiotics, and vaccines during the first days of life, as well as the influence on future health and disease. We will also discuss potential immunomodulating therapies, which may serve to train the preterm immune system and reduce subsequent infectious burden without subjecting neonates to the risks accompanied by virulent pathogens.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.