ArticleMetabolic brain disease2017
Estrogen protects both sexes against EAE by promoting common regulatory cell subtypes independent of endogenous estrogen.
Article in Metabolic brain disease, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD8+ Regulatory T Cells.Annual review of immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- The Effect of Estradiol and Testosterone Levels Alone or in Combination with Their Receptors in Predicting the Severity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cohort Study.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of sex hormones and gender diversity in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Contraceptives or Hormone Replacement Therapy and Associations with Autoimmune Conditions: Exploring Effects of Estrogen Analog Supplementation.ACR open rheumatology · 2025Article
- Hormones and B-cell development in health and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- The G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor GPER in health and disease: an update.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- Impact of endocrine dysregulation on disability and non-motor symptoms in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Biochanin A Improves Memory Decline and Brain Pathology in Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Sex, aging and immunity in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: An intriguing interaction.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Regulatory T Cells: Concept, Classification, Phenotype, and Biological Characteristics.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of sex hormones in autoimmunity: focus on EAE.Biology of sex differences · 2020Review
- Role of Regulatory T Cells in Regulating Fetal-Maternal Immune Tolerance in Healthy Pregnancies and Reproductive Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- SeXX Matters in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Estrogen-induced compensatory mechanisms protect IL-10-deficient mice from developing EAE.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs Synergize With Costimulatory Blockade of CD40/CD154, but Not B7/CD28, to Prolong Murine Allograft Survival.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Serum Lipoprotein Profile Is Associated With Protective Effects of Oral Contraceptive Use on Multiple Sclerosis Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Regulatory B cells in experimental stroke.Immunology · 2018Review
- Tuftsin Combines With Remyelinating Therapy and Improves Outcomes in Models of CNS Demyelinating Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis predominantly affect females. Although high levels of sex hormones, particularly estrogen (E2), can reduce proinflammatory immune responses, it remains unclear if a lack of endogenous sex hormones might affect treatment with exogenous sex hormones. Pretreatment with E2 almost completely prevents intact female and male mice from developing clinical and histological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by promoting various regulatory immune cell phenotypes. To evaluate the effects of exogenous estrogen in the absence of endogenous sex hormones, the current study compared EAE severity and the emergence of different immunoregulatory cell populations after E2 pretreatment of ovariectomized (OVX) female versus male mice. We found that E2 equally protected both OVX females and males from EAE over a 21 day observation period concomitant with reduced total cell numbers in spleen and spinal cord (males only), but enhanced percentages of CD19
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.