ReviewImmunogenetics2018
A genomic perspective on HLA evolution.
Review in Immunogenetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed.
- Local ancestry inference identifies robust evidence of selection in Neolithic Europe.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- HLA polymorphisms shape divergent outcomes of Toxoplasma and Plasmodium infection in Eastern Indian HbE/β-thalassemia cohort.Communications biology · 2026Article
- African Pan Genome Contigs Expose Biologically Relevant Sequence Still Hidden from Human Reference Frameworks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Utilities of Foundation Models in Single-Cell Data Analysis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Global patterns of natural selection inferred using ancient DNA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- No evidence for disassortative mating based on HLA in a small-scale, endogamous population.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Old vs. new local ancestry inference in HCHS/SOL: a comparative study.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- Uncovering genetic diversity and admixture of British Africans with HLA alleles inferred from whole genome sequencing.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Article
- Characterizing the HLA region's genetic architecture through local heritability and correlation analyses across complex traits in diverse ancestries.Human genetics · 2025Article
- HLA diversity and signatures of selection in the Maniq, a nomadic hunter-gatherer population in Southern Thailand.Immunogenetics · 2025Article
- Neanderthal introgressed ancestry reveals human genomic regions enriched with recessive deleterious mutations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Natural selection and adaptive traits in the Maniq, a nomadic hunter-gatherer society from Mainland Southeast Asia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Old vs. New Local Ancestry Inference in HCHS/SOL: A Comparative Study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Characterizing substructure via mixture modeling in large-scale genetic summary statistics.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Cell state-dependent allelic effects and contextual Mendelian randomization analysis for human brain phenotypes.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- Review
- The origin of autoimmune diseases: is there a role for ancestral HLA-II haplotypes in immune hyperactivity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Full-resolution HLA and KIR gene annotations for human genome assemblies.Genome research · 2024Article
- Characterizing substructure via mixture modeling in large-scale genetic summary statistics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several decades of research have convincingly shown that classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci bear signatures of natural selection. Despite this conclusion, many questions remain regarding the type of selective regime acting on these loci, the time frame at which selection acts, and the functional connections between genetic variability and natural selection. In this review, we argue that genomic datasets, in particular those generated by next-generation sequencing (NGS) at the population scale, are transforming our understanding of HLA evolution. We show that genomewide data can be used to perform robust and powerful tests for selection, capable of identifying both positive and balancing selection at HLA genes. Importantly, these tests have shown that natural selection can be identified at both recent and ancient timescales. We discuss how findings from genomewide association studies impact the evolutionary study of HLA genes, and how genomic data can be used to survey adaptive change involving interaction at multiple loci. We discuss the methodological developments which are necessary to correctly interpret genomic analyses involving the HLA region. These developments include adapting the NGS analysis framework so as to deal with the highly polymorphic HLA data, as well as developing tools and theory to search for signatures of selection, quantify differentiation, and measure admixture within the HLA region. Finally, we show that high throughput analysis of molecular phenotypes for HLA genes-namely transcription levels-is now a feasible approach and can add another dimension to the study of genetic variation.
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