ArticleVaccine2017
Colonization with 19F and other pneumococcal conjugate vaccine serotypes in children in St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Article in Vaccine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- What is driving the resurgence and persistence of vaccine-targeted pneumococcal serotypes?-Serotype 19F as the paradigm.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- Review
- The Complex Landscape of Updated Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Volatile profiling distinguishesmSphere · 2023Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacterial nasopharyngeal colonization seven years post-introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in South African children.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe epidemiology of nasopharyngeal (NP) pneumococcal carriage varies with geography and has changed in response to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV): a low prevalence (3% or less of colonizing isolates) of colonization by vaccine-type (VT) pneumococcal serotypes after PCV introduction has been reported. The primary goal of this study was to determine the VT serotype prevalence of NP pneumococcal colonization of children residing in the St. Louis, MO, USA metropolitan area following introduction of the 13-valent PCV in 2010. The secondary goal of this study was to identify characteristics associated with NP pneumococcal carriage of any serotype.
methodsBetween July 2013 and April 2016, we enrolled 397 healthy children, aged 0-17years, who required sedation for procedures or minor surgeries at St. Louis Children's Hospital. NP swabs were collected after sedation or anesthesia and cultured for pneumococcus. Vaccine records were obtained from primary care providers or from state immunization databases. Parents/guardians completed a questionnaire to provide demographics, past medical history and household characteristics.
resultsOf the 88 pneumococcal isolates recovered from 84 colonized subjects (21.2% of all enrolled subjects; 95% CI 17.2-25.2%), 16 were VT. Eleven isolates were serotype 19F (12.5%), four (4.5%) were 6A and one (1.1%) was 19A. Prevalence of VT among colonizing isolates was thus 18.2% (CI 10.1-26.1%) in our cohort, despite complete PCV vaccination in 87% of colonized children. Factors associated with pneumococcal colonization by any serotype included younger age and daycare attendance.
conclusionChildren in St. Louis exhibit a higher prevalence of VT serotypes among pneumococcal carriage isolates than has been reported in other areas in the US, demonstrating the necessity of ongoing surveillance of local epidemiology and providing evidence that serotype 19F can remain prevalent in a pediatric population despite high vaccine uptake.
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Registered trials
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