ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2017
Naloxone for heroin, prescription opioid, and illicitly made fentanyl overdoses: Challenges and innovations responding to a dynamic epidemic.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 135 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
135 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 290 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vending machines for reducing harm associated with substance use and use disorders, and co-occurring conditions: a systematic review.Harm reduction journal · 2025Pooled it
- Management of opioid use disorders: a national clinical practice guideline.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2018Guideline
- A qualitative study of repeat naloxone administrations during opioid overdose intervention by people who use opioids in New York City.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Trial
- Factors associated with withdrawal symptoms and anger among people resuscitated from an opioid overdose by take-home naloxone: Exploratory mixed methods analysis.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Trial
- Opioid withdrawal symptoms, frequency, and pain characteristics as correlates of health risk among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Naloxone-Induced Withdrawal in Individuals With and Without Fentanyl-Positive Urine Samples.The American journal on addictions · 2020Trial
- Xylazine potentiates the interoceptive effects of fentanyl in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- "With a little help from my friends" - collaborating with community experts to improve sampling and obtain a high response rate for a statewide naloxone availability survey.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Fentanyl use among people who inject drugs in two large Pacific Northwest metropolitan areas.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- The opioid flexion phenotype: postural flexion and nodding in the fentanyl era.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Design, Syntheses, and Pharmacological Evaluations of Core Ring Expanded Fentanyl Analogues as Potential Counteracting Agents Against Fentanyl Induced Respiratory Depression.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- An antifentanyl monoclonal antibody reverses fentanyl-induced apnea in pigs.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Spatial epidemiology of nonfatal overdose in a community-based cohort of marginalized women in Vancouver, British Columbia (2014-2022).Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Mini-review: Harm reduction strategies among people who intentionally use fentanyl.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Improving racial/ethnic health equity and naloxone access among people at risk for opioid overdose: A simulation modeling analysis of community-based naloxone distribution strategies in Massachusetts, United States.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Effect of acute treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, liraglutide, and estrus phase on cue- and drug-induced fentanyl seeking in female rats.Behavioural pharmacology · 2025Article
- "You take care of people, people will take care of you": Moral Economies and an Unpredictable Drug Market.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Analysis of different populations accessing online overdose response training and harm reduction supplies (ADORES).Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
75 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Community-based overdose prevention programs first emerged in the 1990's and are now the leading public health intervention for overdose. Key elements of these programs are overdose education and naloxone distribution to people who use opioids and their social networks. We review the evolution of naloxone programming through the heroin overdose era of the 1990's, the prescription opioid era of the 2000's, and the current overdose crisis stemming from the synthetic opioid era of illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its analogues in the 2010's. We present current challenges arising in this new era of synthetic opioids, including variable potency of illicit drugs due to erratic adulteration of the drug supply with synthetic opioids, potentially changing efficacy of standard naloxone formulations for overdose rescue, potentially shorter overdose response time, and reports of fentanyl exposure among people who use drugs but are opioid naïve. Future directions for adapting naloxone programming to the dynamic opioid epidemic are proposed, including scale-up to new venues and social networks, new standards for post-overdose care, expansion of supervised drug consumption services, and integration of novel technologies to detect overdose and deliver naloxone.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.