ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2017
Tolerance and immunity to pathogens in early life: insights from HBV infection.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility and efficacy of home rectal irrigation in neonates and early infancy with Hirschsprung disease.Pediatric surgery international · 2019Trial
- Indeterminate Phase/Grey Zone of Chronic Hepatitis B: Clinical Features, Outcomes and Molecular Insights.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- The Role and Safety of Aluminum Adjuvants in Childhood Vaccines.Pediatrics · 2026Review
- Interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis B in children: an immunological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Early-life gammaherpesvirus infection results in an expanded long-term latent reservoir.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Disease and Gut Microbiota: An Updated Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Knowledge mapping of trained immunity/innate immune memory: Insights from two decades of studies.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Lassa virus persistence with high viral titers following experimental infection in its natural reservoir host, Mastomys natalensis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Unusual serological profile in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with a probable clinical case of acute exacerbation of pre-existing chronic HBV infection.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Interspecies comparison of the early transcriptomic changes associated with hepatitis B virus exposure in human and macaque immune cell populations.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Long-Lasting Imprint in the Soluble Inflammatory Milieu Despite Early Treatment of Acute Symptomatic Hepatitis C.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The COVID-19 pandemic in the African continent.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Monocytic MDSCs homing to thymus contribute to age-related CD8+ T cell tolerance of HBV.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
- Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus (HBV) isolated from a pediatric case of acute lymphoid leukemia, with a delayed response to antiviral treatment: a case report.BMC pediatrics · 2022Article
- A nomogram based on HBeAg, AST, and age to predict non-minimal liver inflammation in CHB patients with ALT <80 U/L.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Quantitative HBsAg versus HBV DNA in Predicting Significant Hepatitis Activity of HBeAg-Positive Chronic HBV Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Understanding Antibody Responses in Early Life: Baby Steps towards Developing an Effective Influenza Vaccine.Viruses · 2021Review
- Long-term immune protection against HBV: associated factors and determinants.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Successful treatment of infantile hepatitis B with lamivudine: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
- Animal Models of Hepatitis B Virus Infection-Success, Challenges, and Future Directions.Viruses · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immunity is not static but varies with age. The immune system of a newborn infant is not "defective" or "immature." Rather, there are distinct features of innate and adaptive immunity from fetal life to adulthood, which may alter the susceptibility of newborn infants to infections compared to adults. Increased protection to certain infectious diseases during early life may benefit from a dampened immune response as a result of decreased immune pathology. This concept may offer an alternative interpretation of the different pathological manifestations clinically observed in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients during the natural history of infection. Herein, we review the immune pathological features of HBV infection from early life to adulthood and challenge the concept of a generic immune tolerant state in young people. We then discuss how the different clinical and virological manifestations during HBV infection may be related to the differential antiviral immunity and pro-inflammatory capacity generated at different ages. Lastly, we address the potential to consider earlier therapeutic intervention in HBV-infected young patients to achieve effective immune control leading to better outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.