ArticlePloS one2017
IQ and mental health are vital predictors of work drop out and early mortality. Multi-state analyses of Norwegian male conscripts.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Data Resource Profile: The Norwegian Armed Forces Health Registry (NAFHR).International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- A brief work-oriented intervention targeting musculoskeletal and mental health disorders: Exploring work disability outcomes in a prospective study.Work (Reading, Mass.) · 2025Article
- The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical workload on disability pension-a cohort study of Swedish men.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Article
- Sickness absence transitions among Swedish twins with back, neck or shoulder pain and common mental disorders applying a multi-state approach.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Dynamically Changing Mental Stress Parameters of First-Year Medical Students over the Three-Year Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The linkage of depressive and anxiety disorders with the expected labor market affiliation (ELMA): a longitudinal multi-state study of Danish employees.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2023Article
- Physical work demands and expected labor market affiliation (ELMA): Prospective cohort with register-follow-up among 46 169 employees.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2022Article
- Precarious Work as Risk Factor for 5-Year Increase in Depressive Symptoms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Expected Labor Market Affiliation: A New Method Illustrated by Estimating the Impact of Perceived Stress on Time in Work, Sickness Absence and Unemployment of 37,605 Danish Employees.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Bootstrapping complex time-to-event data without individual patient data, with a view toward time-dependent exposures.Statistics in medicine · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDisability benefits and sick leave benefits represents huge costs in western countries. The pathways and prognostic factors for receiving these benefits seen in recent years are complex and manifold. We postulate that mental health and IQ, both alone and concurrent, influence subsequent employment status, disability benefits and mortality.
methodsA cohort of 918 888 Norwegian men was followed for 16 years from the age of 20 to 55. Risk for health benefits, emigration, and mortality were studied. Indicators of mental health and IQ at military enrolment were used as potential risk factors. Multi-state models were used to analyze transitions between employment, sick leave, time limited benefits, disability benefits, emigration, and mortality.
resultsDuring follow up, there were a total of 3 908 397 transitions between employment and different health benefits, plus 12 607 deaths. Men with low IQ (below 85), without any mental health problems at military enrolment, had an increased probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 4.06, 95% CI: 3.88-4.26) compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems. For men with both low IQ and mental health problems, there was an excessive probability of receiving disability benefits before the age of 35 (HRR = 14.37, 95% CI: 13.59-15.19), as well as an increased probability for time limited benefits and death before the age of 35 compared to men with average IQ (85 to 115) and no mental health problems.
conclusionLow IQ and mental health problems are strong predictors of future disability benefits and early mortality for young men.
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