ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2017
Vital Signs: Changes in Opioid Prescribing in the United States, 2006-2015.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05221866 (Efficiency And Quality In Post-Surgical Pain Therapy After Discharge), which is not on this map. Cited by 546 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficiency And Quality In Post-Surgical Pain Therapy After Discharge
Who cites it
546 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,093 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions to safely and effectively reduce (taper) use of opioids in chronic non-cancer pain: a systematic review.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Multimorbidity and analgesic-related harms: a systematic review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Pooled it
- Social and economic determinants of drug overdose deaths: a systematic review of spatial relationships.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Medication Optimization vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Among US Veterans With Chronic Low Back Pain Receiving Long-term Opioid Therapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Opioid Analgesic Use After an Acute Pain Visit: Evidence from a Urolithiasis Patient Cohort.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Development and validation of a risk-score model for opioid overdose using a national claims database.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Changes in opioid prescribing and high-risk co-prescribing after implementation of the 2016 CDC opioid guideline among older adults with and without cancer.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Evolving Treatment Options for Spinal Pain: Balancing Innovation and Affordability in Regenerative Medicine.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Postsurgical Opioid Prescribing Among Injured Workers in Washington State: 2017-2020 Trends and Policy Effects.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- Maternal control during prenatal oxycodone exposure: differential effects of voluntary versus involuntary self-administration on offspring substance use vulnerability in rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Generational Differences Among Clinicians in Opioid Prescribing Practices - United States, 2023.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Patient Profiles of Buprenorphine Initiators in General Healthcare Settings: A Latent Class Approach.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Emergency department use for nontraumatic dental conditions for Medicaid-enrolled children with special health care needs: A multistate cross-sectional study.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2026Article
- Cultural variation in postoperative care after ankle fracture fixation: a binational matched cohort study.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Observational
- Transitions from first drug use to illicit opioid and injection drug use in a multisite rural U.S. cohort of people who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Perceptions regarding the use of cannabis in orthopaedics for treating musculoskeletal joint pain: A survey of arthritis patients.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Causes of Excess Deaths in the US Compared With Other High-Income Countries.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Fewer Opioid Pills After Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery Maintain Perceived Pain and Return-To-Work Self-Efficacy.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026Article
- Multilingual analysis of public discourse on opioid and non-opioid analgesics through social media: a cross-sectional infodemiological study.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Article
486 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrescription opioid-related overdose deaths increased sharply during 1999-2010 in the United States in parallel with increased opioid prescribing. CDC assessed changes in national-level and county-level opioid prescribing during 2006-2015.
methodsCDC analyzed retail prescription data from QuintilesIMS to assess opioid prescribing in the United States from 2006 to 2015, including rates, amounts, dosages, and durations prescribed. CDC examined county-level prescribing patterns in 2010 and 2015.
resultsThe amount of opioids prescribed in the United States peaked at 782 morphine milligram equivalents (MME) per capita in 2010 and then decreased to 640 MME per capita in 2015. Despite significant decreases, the amount of opioids prescribed in 2015 remained approximately three times as high as in 1999 and varied substantially across the country. County-level factors associated with higher amounts of prescribed opioids include a larger percentage of non-Hispanic whites; a higher prevalence of diabetes and arthritis; micropolitan status (i.e., town/city; nonmetro); and higher unemployment and Medicaid enrollment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PRACTICE: Despite reductions in opioid prescribing in some parts of the country, the amount of opioids prescribed remains high relative to 1999 levels and varies substantially at the county-level. Given associations between opioid prescribing, opioid use disorder, and overdose rates, health care providers should carefully weigh the benefits and risks when prescribing opioids outside of end-of-life care, follow evidence-based guidelines, such as CDC's Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain, and consider nonopioid therapy for chronic pain treatment. State and local jurisdictions can use these findings combined with Prescription Drug Monitoring Program data to identify areas with prescribing patterns that place patients at risk for opioid use disorder and overdose and to target interventions with prescribers based on opioid prescribing guidelines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.