SynthesisThe British journal of surgery2017
Systematic review of management of chronic pain after surgery.
Synthesis in The British journal of surgery, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 74 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Neuromuscular Exercise in Combination With Pain Neuroscience Education Compared to Pain Neuroscience Education Alone in Patients With Chronic Pain After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of Mini-dose Esketamine-dexmedetomidine Supplemented Analgesia on Long-term Outcomes Following Scoliosis Correction Surgery: 2-year Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of Different Dose Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine Combination for Supplemental Analgesia After Scoliosis Correction Surgery: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial
Impact of Different Dose Esketamine and Dexmedetomidine Combination for Supplemental Analgesia on Long-term Outcomes After Scoliosis Correction Surgery: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of physical activity-based interventions to prevent or reduce chronic post-surgical pain.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Pooled it
- What proportion of people have long-term pain after total hip or knee replacement? An update of a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Pooled it
- Exercise for Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Expert Consensus.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- [Factors Related to Persistent Postoperative Pain after Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis].Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · 2020Pooled it
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- Mindfulness meditation for workplace wellness: An evidence map.Work (Reading, Mass.) · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Early repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for preventing chronic postoperative pain in older adults: a randomized clinical sub-study.BMC medicine · 2026Trial
- A pilot randomised controlled trial of an online self-management programme for people with persistent pain post-knee replacement (Kneed).Clinical rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- Comparative efficacy of memantine and vitamin C in postoperative pain management: a randomized clinical trial.Pain management · 2025Trial
- Model-based pain and function outcome trajectory types for patients undergoing knee arthroplasty: a secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2019Trial
- Photobiomodulation using high- or low-level laser irradiations in patients with lumbar disc degenerative changes: disappointing outcomes and remarks.Clinical interventions in aging · 2018Trial
- Healing from the Inside Out: Vitamins and Nutritional Strategies for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome and Chronic Postsurgical Pain.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Healthcare professionals' perspectives on the utility of chronic postsurgical pain prediction profiles in perioperative care: a qualitative study.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2026Article
- Effects of Preemptive Analgesia Using Wrist-Ankle Acupuncture on Postoperative Pain and Urinary Retention After Haemorrhoidectomy: A Randomised, Three-Arm, Clinical Trial [Letter].Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- LC-IL but Not LC-PL Circuit Regulates Comorbid Mechanical Hyperalgesia and Anxiety in Male Rats with Chronic Post-Surgical Pain.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Participant perspectives on a multimodal program for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- TMEM251 loss-induced autophagy dysfunction in the anterior cingulate cortex contributes to chronic postoperative pain.EMBO reports · 2026Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPain present for at least 3 months after a surgical procedure is considered chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) and affects 10-50 per cent of patients. Interventions for CPSP may focus on the underlying condition that indicated surgery, the aetiology of new-onset pain or be multifactorial in recognition of the diverse causes of this pain. The aim of this systematic review was to identify RCTs of interventions for the management of CPSP, and synthesize data across treatment type to estimate their effectiveness and safety.
methodsMEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2016. Trials of pain interventions received by patients at 3 months or more after surgery were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool.
resultsSome 66 trials with data from 3149 participants were included. Most trials included patients with chronic pain after spinal surgery (25 trials) or phantom limb pain (21 trials). Interventions were predominantly pharmacological, including antiepileptics, capsaicin, epidural steroid injections, local anaesthetic, neurotoxins, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists and opioids. Other interventions included acupuncture, exercise, postamputation limb liner, spinal cord stimulation, further surgery, laser therapy, magnetic stimulation, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mirror therapy and sensory discrimination training. Opportunities for meta-analysis were limited by heterogeneity. For all interventions, there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions on effectiveness.
conclusionThere is a need for more evidence about interventions for CPSP. High-quality trials of multimodal interventions matched to pain characteristics are needed to provide robust evidence to guide management of CPSP.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.