ReviewDrugs2017
Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Therapies for Atopic Dermatitis: Progress and Outlook.
Review in Drugs, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Difamilast, a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, ointment in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a phase III randomized double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial.The British journal of dermatology · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of 308-nm Excimer Light with Pimecrolimus and Crisaborole in Pediatric Vitiligo: A Retrospective Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Targeting Phosphodiesterase 4 in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases: From Isoform-Specific Mechanisms to Precision Therapeutics.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive updated review of this intriguing disease with futuristic insights.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Difamilast for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Review
- An Overview of PDE4 Inhibitors in Clinical Trials: 2010 to Early 2022.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Targeting therapeutic approaches and highlighting the potential role of nanotechnology in atopic dermatitis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Review
- The Biological Effects of Forsythia Leaves Containing the Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor Phillyrin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Childhood atopic dermatitis: current developments, treatment approaches, and future expectationsTurkish journal of medical sciences · 2019Article
- Phosphodiesterase 4D, miR-203 and selected cytokines in the peripheral blood are associated with canine atopic dermatitis.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a cyclic AMP degrading enzyme in leukocytes. Several decades ago, increased PDE activity was demonstrated in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). Currently, several PDE4 inhibitors in both topical and oral formulation have been developed to target the inflammatory cascade of AD. This review shows the pathogenic rationale behind these inhibitors, and discusses multiple PDE4 inhibitors that are under evaluation or in the market. PDE4 inhibitors may be considered as favorable agents in the repertoire of current interventions for AD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.