ArticleJournal of gastric cancer2017
Prognostic Factor Analysis of Overall Survival in Gastric Cancer from Two Phase III Studies of Second-line Ramucirumab (REGARD and RAINBOW) Using Pooled Patient Data.
Article in Journal of gastric cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patient-Reported Outcomes as Prognostic Indicators for Overall Survival in Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in gastric or gastro-oesophageal junction cancer based on clinical characteristics: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2023Pooled it
- Prognostic significance of lactate dehydrogenase and its impact on the outcomes of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Early Weight Loss as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: Analyses from REGARD, RAINBOW, and RAINFALL Phase III Studies.The oncologist · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of irinotecan-based therapy in elderly patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving third-line or later chemotherapy: post-hoc age-subgroup analysis of the rindberg trial.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Body weight loss as a prognostic and predictive factor in previously treated patients with metastatic gastric cancer: post hoc analyses of the randomized phase III TAGS trial.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2023Trial
- Prognostic value of tumor markers and ctDNA in patients with resectable gastric cancer receiving perioperative treatment: results from the CRITICS trial.Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2022Trial
- Quality of Life Associated with Ramucirumab Treatment in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer in Japan: Exploratory Analysis from the Phase III RAINBOW Trial.Clinical drug investigation · 2021Trial
- Multicenter Phase II Study of Cabazitaxel in Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer: Association of HER2 Expression and M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Patient Outcome.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Phase II clinical trial of S-1 plus nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in untreated patients with metastatic gastric cancer.Cancer science · 2018Trial
- Efficacy and tolerability of ramucirumab monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel in gastric cancer patients from the Expanded Access Program Cohort by the Korean Cancer Study Group (KCSG).Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association · 2018Trial
- Prognostic markers in oesophageal and gastric cancer review. Are they ready for clinical practice?ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Article
- Two autopsied gastric cancer cases of rare drug-induced pneumonia associated with nivolumab plus S-1 and oxaliplatin: a case report.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Article
- The Memorial Sloan Kettering Prognostic Score: Correlation with survival in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- SOURCE beyond first-line: A survival prediction model for patients with metastatic esophagogastric adenocarcinoma after failure of first-line palliative systemic therapy.International journal of cancer · 2023Article
- A novel nomogram based on clinical blood indicators for prognosis prediction in curatively resected esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma patients.Journal of Cancer · 2023Article
- Serum insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 as a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 14 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo identify baseline prognostic factors for survival in patients with disease progression, during or after chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe pooled data from patients randomized between 2009 and 2012 in 2 phase III, global double-blind studies of ramucirumab for the treatment of advanced gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma following disease progression on first-line platinum- and/or fluoropyrimidine-containing therapy (REGARD and RAINBOW). Forty-one key baseline clinical and laboratory factors common in both studies were examined. Model building started with covariate screening using univariate Cox models (significance level=0.05). A stepwise multivariable Cox model identified the final prognostic factors (entry+exit significance level=0.01). Cox models were stratified by treatment and geographic region. The process was repeated to identify baseline prognostic quality of life (QoL) parameters.
resultsOf 1,020 randomized patients, 953 (93%) patients without any missing covariates were included in the analysis. We identified 12 independent prognostic factors of poor survival: 1) peritoneal metastases; 2) Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 1; 3) the presence of a primary tumor; 4) time to progression since prior therapy <6 months; 5) poor/unknown tumor differentiation; abnormally low blood levels of 6) albumin, 7) sodium, and/or 8) lymphocytes; and abnormally high blood levels of 9) neutrophils, 10) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 11) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and/or 12) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Factors were used to devise a 4-tier prognostic index (median overall survival [OS] by risk [months]: high=3.4, moderate=6.4, medium=9.9, and low=14.5; Harrell's C-index=0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-0.68). Addition of QoL to the model identified patient-reported appetite loss as an independent prognostic factor.
conclusionsThe identified prognostic factors and the reported prognostic index may help clinical decision-making, patient stratification, and planning of future clinical studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.