ArticleFrontiers in neural circuits2017
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Mechanisms of General Anesthetics Modulate Different Dimensions of Consciousness.
Article in Frontiers in neural circuits, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Brain Spatial Metabolic Atlas Reveals Anesthesia-Induced Region-Specific Alterations.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Article
- Dreaming during anaesthesia: a scoping review.British journal of anaesthesia · 2026Article
- Frequency-specific microstate correlates of ciprofol-induced alterations of consciousness.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Anesthesiology for Sleep Disorders in the Perioperative Period.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- EphB1-NR2B receptor signaling in glutamatergic neurons of the ventroposteromedial thalamic nucleus regulates emergence from anesthesia.Science advances · 2025Article
- Progressive Changes Between Thalamic Nuclei and Cortical Networks Across Stimulus-Response Learning.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Insight into molecular and neural mechanisms of general anesthesia from the invertebrate modelZoological research · 2025Review
- High-precision neural information detection of multiple brain regions in mice under different concentrations of isoflurane anesthesia based on microelectrode arrays.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025Article
- Neural Network Mechanisms Underlying General Anesthesia: Cortical and Subcortical Nuclei.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- GABAergic neurons of anterior thalamic reticular nucleus regulate states of consciousness in propofol- and isoflurane-mediated general anesthesia.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Article
- Propofol Disrupts the Functional Core-Matrix Architecture of the Thalamus in Humans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Effect of General Anesthesia vs Regional Anesthesia on Sleep Disturbance in Elderly Patients After Discharge from the Hospital for 3 Months.Nature and science of sleep · 2024Article
- Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: spotlight on light, circadian rhythms, and sleep.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Analogous cortical reorganization accompanies entry into states of reduced consciousness during anesthesia and sleep.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- In vivo mapping of pharmacologically induced functional reorganization onto the human brain's neurotransmitter landscape.Science advances · 2023Article
- Scale-free dynamics in the core-periphery topography and task alignment decline from conscious to unconscious states.Communications biology · 2023Article
- The effects of propofol anaesthesia on molecular-enriched networks during resting-state and naturalistic listening.NeuroImage · 2023Article
- Neural Ensemble Fragmentation in the AnesthetizedThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Abstract
There has been controversy regarding the precise mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness, with two salient approaches that have emerged within systems neuroscience. One prominent approach is the "bottom up" paradigm, which argues that anesthetics suppress consciousness by modulating sleep-wake nuclei and neural circuits in the brainstem and diencephalon that have evolved to control arousal states. Another approach is the "top-down" paradigm, which argues that anesthetics suppress consciousness by modulating the cortical and thalamocortical circuits involved in the integration of neural information. In this article, we synthesize these approaches by mapping bottom-up and top-down mechanisms of general anesthetics to two distinct but inter-related dimensions of consciousness: level and content. We show how this explains certain empirical observations regarding the diversity of anesthetic drug effects. We conclude with a more nuanced discussion of how levels and contents of consciousness interact to generate subjective experience and what this implies for the mechanisms of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness.
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