ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2017
Bidirectional brain-gut interactions and chronic pathological changes after traumatic brain injury in mice.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 175 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Role of Microglial Cells in the Gut-Brain Axis Communication: A Systematic Review.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- The potential of human milk oligosaccharides in ameliorating traumatic brain injury-induced cognitive impairment in mice.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Critically Ill Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: Clinical Implications and Putative Mechanisms: a Narrative Review.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Mild concussion impairs extinction of avoidance and alters respective brain circuits in male rats.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- The Role of Microbiome-Associated Metabolites and Their Clinical Implications in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.Neurocritical care · 2026Review
- Antibiotic-induced gut microbiome remodeling reduces neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acid Supplementation After Traumatic Brain Injury Attenuates Neurologic Injury Via the Gut-Brain-Microglia Axis.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Bidirectional interactions along the microbiota-gut-brain axis in radiation-induced brain injury: mechanisms and therapeutic insights.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Neuro-immune dysregulation after traumatic brain injury: immunomodulatory strategies to prevent infectious complications.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Longitudinal Effects of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury on the Gut Microbiome and Acoustic Startle Response in Male and Female Rats.Journal of neurotrauma · 2026Article
- Novel role of FTO in regulation of gut-brain communication viaGut microbes · 2025Article
- Nutritional Modulation of the Endogenous Antioxidant System in the Brain-Gut Axis Following Traumatic Brain Injury.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Gut microbiome remodeling by antibiotics reduces neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury.Research square · 2025Article
- Bidirectional regulation of the brain-gut-microbiota axis following traumatic brain injury.Neural regeneration research · 2025Article
- Systemic IGF-1 administration prevents traumatic brain injury induced gut permeability, dysmorphia, dysbiosis, and the increased number of immature dentate granule cells.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Gasdermin-D Genetic Knockout Reduces Inflammasome-Induced Disruption of the Gut-Brain Axis After Traumatic Brain Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Gut Microbiome: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegenerative Processes.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- The changes of digestive system inflammatory, oxidative stress, and histopathology factors following oral mesenchymal stem cells administration in rats with traumatic brain injury.BMC neuroscience · 2025Article
- Partially hydrolyzed guar gum alleviates neurological deficits and gastrointestinal dysfunction in mice with traumatic brain injury.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Lactobacillus Helveticus Improves Controlled Cortical Impact Injury-Generated Neurological Aberrations by Remodeling of Gut-Brain Axis Mediators.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTraumatic brain injury (TBI) has complex effects on the gastrointestinal tract that are associated with TBI-related morbidity and mortality. We examined changes in mucosal barrier properties and enteric glial cell response in the gut after experimental TBI in mice, as well as effects of the enteric pathogen Citrobacter rodentium (Cr) on both gut and brain after injury.
methodsModerate-level TBI was induced in C57BL/6mice by controlled cortical impact (CCI). Mucosal barrier function was assessed by transepithelial resistance, fluorescent-labelled dextran flux, and quantification of tight junction proteins. Enteric glial cell number and activation were measured by Sox10 expression and GFAP reactivity, respectively. Separate groups of mice were challenged with Cr infection during the chronic phase of TBI, and host immune response, barrier integrity, enteric glial cell reactivity, and progression of brain injury and inflammation were assessed.
resultsChronic CCI induced changes in colon morphology, including increased mucosal depth and smooth muscle thickening. At day 28 post-CCI, increased paracellular permeability and decreased claudin-1 mRNA and protein expression were observed in the absence of inflammation in the colon. Colonic glial cell GFAP and Sox10 expression were significantly increased 28days after brain injury. Clearance of Cr and upregulation of Th1/Th17 cytokines in the colon were unaffected by CCI; however, colonic paracellular flux and enteric glial cell GFAP expression were significantly increased. Importantly, Cr infection in chronically-injured mice worsened the brain lesion injury and increased astrocyte- and microglial-mediated inflammation.
conclusionThese experimental studies demonstrate chronic and bidirectional brain-gut interactions after TBI, which may negatively impact late outcomes after brain injury.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.