ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Tear Film Steroid Profiling in Dry Eye Disease by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-related differences and hormonal effects in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Integrated management of dry eye-depression comorbidity: mechanistic insights and temporal therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Tear proteomics reveals expressed proteins and potential pathways associated with diabetic keratopathy.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Parainflammation in the Ocular System: Considerations on the Underlying Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- Proteomic Analysis of Tear Films in Healthy Female and Male Dogs Using MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desortion/Ionization Time-of-Flight) Mass Spectrometry.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Dry Eye Para-Inflammation Management: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence on a Novel 0.2% Hyaluronic Acid-Based Tear Substitute with 0.001% Hydrocortisone Sodium Phosphate.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- A Look into Ocular Diseases: The Pivotal Role of Omics Sciences in Ophthalmology Research.ACS measurement science au · 2024Review
- New insight of metabolomics in ocular diseases in the context of 3P medicine.The EPMA journal · 2023Review
- Impact of reflex locomotion and the Bobath concept on clinical and biomolecular parameters in people with multiple sclerosis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Sex Steroid Hormone Analysis in Human Tear Fluid Using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Method.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A Novel Heterozygous Mutation of the CYP17A1 Gene in a Child with a Micropenis and Isolated 17,20-Lyase Deficiency.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Tear proteomics reveals the molecular basis of the efficacy of human recombinant nerve growth factor treatment for Neurotrophic Keratopathy.Scientific reports · 2022Observational
- Native fluorescence of tear fluid as a tool for diagnostics of glaucoma.RSC advances · 2021Article
- The Potential of Steroid Profiling by Mass Spectrometry in the Management of Adrenocortical Carcinoma.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Metabolomics and biomarkers in ocular matrix: beyond ocular diseases.International journal of ophthalmology · 2020Review
- Article
- Multi-Omics Approach for Studying Tears in Treatment-Naïve Glaucoma Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Tear Metabolomics in Dry Eye Disease: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Noninvasive diagnostic methods for diabetes mellitus from tear fluid.RSC advances · 2019Article
- Dry Eye Disease: Consideration for Women's Health.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface unit resulting in eye discomfort, visual disturbance, and ocular surface damage; the risk of DED increases with age in both sexes, while its incidence is higher among females caused by an overall hormonal imbalance. The role of androgens has recently investigated and these hormones were considered to have a protective function on the ocular surface. In order to correlate DED to tear steroid levels, a robust, specific, and selective method for the simultaneous quantification of cortisol (CORT), corticosterone (CCONE), 11-deoxycortisol (11-DECOL), 4-androstene-3,17-dione (ADIONE), testosterone (TESTO), 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and progesterone (PROG) was developed and applied for the analysis of tear samples. The method involves a simple extraction procedure of steroids from tears collected on Schirmer strips, followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis. In total, tear samples from 14 DED female patients and 13 healthy female controls were analysed and, CORT, ADIONE, and 17-OHP response levels resulted significantly decreased in dry eye patients respect to controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve obtained by the combination of these three steroids (AUC = 0.964) demonstrated the good diagnostic power of the differential tear steroids in identifying DED. In conclusion, the present method made it possible, for the first time, to study steroid profiling directly in tear fluid.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.