ArticleTranslational oncology2017
Combination Treatment with the GSK-3 Inhibitor 9-ING-41 and CCNU Cures Orthotopic Chemoresistant Glioblastoma in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models.
Article in Translational oncology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase 1/2 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta (GSK-3β) Inhibitor, as a Single Agent and Combined With Chemotherapy, in Patients With Refractory Hematologic Malignancies or Solid Tumors
Phase 2 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK 3β) Inhibitor, as a Single Agent or Combined With Ruxolitinib, in Patients With Myelofibrosis
Phase 1 Study of 9-ING-41, a Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK 3β) Inhibitor, as a Single Agent or With Irinotecan, Irinotecan Plus Temozolomide, or With Cyclophosphamide Plus Topotecan in Pediatric Patients With Refractory Malignancies.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating GSK-3β as a Potential Prognostic Marker for Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Preliminary Study on the Crossroads of GABAergic and Wnt Signaling.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- The cross-talk between GSK-3β, RKIP, and PTEN as potential targets for therapeutic implications in cancer: a comprehensive insight.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- Translational Models for Glioblastoma: Revolutionizing Drug Development and Personalized Medicine through Clinical Insights.Theranostics · 2026Review
- Elraglusib Induces Cytotoxicity via Direct Microtubule Destabilization Independently of GSK3 Inhibition.Cancer research communications · 2024Article
- CMGC Kinases in Health and Cancer.Cancers · 2023Review
- Elraglusib (9-ING-41), a selective small-molecule inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, reduces expression of immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 and enhances CD8Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Article
- Update on Novel Targeted Therapy for Pleural Organization and Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Nobiletin suppresses cholangiocarcinoma proliferation via inhibiting GSK3β.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- GSK3-beta as a candidate therapeutic target in soft tissue sarcomas.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2021Article
- Experimental design of preclinical experiments: number of PDX lines vs subsampling within PDX lines.Neuro-oncology · 2021Article
- Article
- Lomustine and nimustine exert efficient antitumor effects against glioblastoma models with acquired temozolomide resistance.Cancer science · 2021Article
- GSK-3β in Pancreatic Cancer: Spotlight on 9-ING-41, Its Therapeutic Potential and Immune Modulatory Properties.Biology · 2021Review
- 9-ING-41, a Small Molecule Inhibitor of GSK-3β, Potentiates the Effects of Chemotherapy on Colorectal Cancer Cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Glycogen synthase kinase 3β in tumorigenesis and oncotherapy (Review).Oncology reports · 2020Review
- The Role of GSK-3 in Cancer Immunotherapy: GSK-3 Inhibitors as a New Frontier in Cancer Treatment.Cells · 2020Review
- Clinically relevant GSK‑3β inhibitor 9‑ING‑41 is active as a single agent and in combination with other antitumor therapies in human renal cancer.International journal of molecular medicine · 2020Article
- 9-ING-41, a small molecule inhibitor of GSK-3beta, potentiates the effects of anticancer therapeutics in bladder cancer.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Inhibition with 9-ING-41 Attenuates the Progression of Pulmonary Fibrosis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy by Abrogating the TopBP1/ATR-Mediated DNA Damage Response.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains a major challenge in the treatment of human glioblastoma (GBM). Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), a positive regulator of NF-κB-mediated survival and chemoresistance of cancer cells, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in human GBM. Our objective was to determine the antitumor effect of GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 in combination with chemotherapy in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models of human GBM. We utilized chemoresistant PDX models of GBM, GBM6 and GBM12, to study the effect of 9-ING-41 used alone and in combination with chemotherapy on tumor progression and survival. GBM6 and GBM12 were transfected by reporter constructs to enable bioluminescence imaging, which was used to stage animals prior to treatment and to follow intracranial GBM tumor growth. Immunohistochemical staining, apoptosis assay, and immunoblotting were used to assess the expression of GSK-3β and the effects of treatment in these models. We found that 9-ING-41 significantly enhanced 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) antitumor activity in staged orthotopic GBM12 (no response to CCNU) and GBM6 (partial response to CCNU) PDX models, as indicated by a decrease in tumor bioluminescence in mouse brain and a significant increase in overall survival. Treatment with the combination of CCNU and 9-ING-41 resulted in histologically confirmed cures in these studies. Our results demonstrate that the GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41, a clinical candidate currently in Investigational New Drug (IND)-enabling development, significantly enhances the efficacy of CCNU therapy for human GBM and warrants consideration for clinical evaluation in this difficult-to-treat patient population.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.