ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2017
Sex Differences in the Peripheral Immune System in Patients with Depression.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocannabinoid levels in female-sexed individuals with diagnosed depression: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Depression: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Inflammation and Reward Sensitivity: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Endotoxin.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2019Trial
- Article
- Sex-specific Serum Biomarker Associations with Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes in Depressive Disorders.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Parallel Pathways, Divergent Outcomes: Adipose Tissue-Neural Crosstalk in Depression and Obesity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- The Role of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review of Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Epigenetics and immunology: Under-recognized aspects of suicidality.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
- Article
- Luteal phase sertraline treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD): Effects on markers of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis activation and inflammation.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Inflammatory mediators in major depression and bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Review
- Involvement of PI3K/AKT Pathway in the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Crocetin in Mice with Depression-Like Phenotypes.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Analysis of BoDV-1 status, EEG resting-state alpha activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines in adults with and without major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Depression in Women: Potential Biological and Sociocultural Factors Driving the Sex Effect.Neuropsychobiology · 2024Review
- Association of Retinal Neurovascular Impairment with Disease Severity in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study.Psychology research and behavior management · 2024Article
- Association between Psychiatric Disorders and the Incidence of Heart Failure in Women.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Exploring the multiverse: the impact of researchers' analytic decisions on relationships between depression and inflammatory markers.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Inflammation in the pathogenesis of depression: a disorder of neuroimmune origin.Neuronal signaling · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFemales are twice as likely as males to experience depression. Recent findings indicate a relationship linking inflammation with depression. Whether the higher prevalence of depression in women is sex-specific or if inflammation contributes to a higher prevalence of depression in females is unclear. Thus, the objective was to determine whether depressed females show higher inflammation compared to males in a cross-sectional study. MATERIALS AND
methodsTwo hundred participants were enrolled. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and blood samples were collected from all participants to measure inflammatory blood markers.
resultsHigher rates of suicidal thoughts, pessimism, and lassitude measured by the MADRS were seen in depressed females compared with depressed males. Among all inflammatory markers measured, there were no significant differences in depressed males vs. male controls. Increased levels of interleukin (IL)-8, interferon-γ, and leptin, and decreased levels of IL-5 and adiponectin were observed in depressed females compared to female controls. Compared with depressed males, IL-6 and leptin levels were significantly elevated in depressed females after controlling for body mass index. Correlation analysis revealed that depression severity negatively correlated with IL-12 in males, and positively correlated with IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in females. IL-1β and TNF-α correlated with suicidal thoughts, lassitude, and pessimism in depressed females.
conclusionOur findings indicate a sex-specific relationship between inflammation and depression, which may be important in identifying potential psychopathology and suggesting novel immunomodulatory treatments for depressed females.
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